Fluoride Action Network

References: Water Fluoridation and Environmental Justice

Fluoride Action Network | September 25, 2015

Water Fluoridation and Environmental Justice
Report by Fluoride Action Network
Submitted, September 25, 2015
To: Environmental Justice Interagency Working Committee

As the the pdf online document for this report was user unfriendly, the following are the live links for the references.
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Ainsworth NJ. 1933. Mottled teeth. Brit. Dent. J., 55: 233-25- and 274-276.

Albert DA, Park K, Findley S, Mitchell DA, McManus JM. 2002. Dental caries among disadvantaged 3- to 4-year old children in northern Manhattan. Pediatric Dentistry, May;24(3):229-33. Abstract: http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/19188/

Alberts B, Shine K. 1998. Letter to Albert Burgstahler, Ph.D., and others, Professor of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence; from Bruce Alberts, PhD, President, National Academy of Sciences and Kenneth Shine, President, Institute of Medicine. November 20. http://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/alberts-shine.iom-1998.pdf

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ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2004. Interaction Profile for: Cyanide, Fluoride, Nitrate, and Uranium. May. http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/atsdr-2004.interaction-profile.pdf

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Butler WJ, Segreto V, Collins E. 1985. Prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged lifetime residents of 16 Texas communities. American Journal of Public Health 75(12):1408-12.
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CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1999. Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Review. (MMWR). 48(41): 933-940 October 22, 1999.
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CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2010. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration, by State — National Immunization Survey, United States, 2004—2008. MMWR Mar 26;59(11);327-334. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5911a2.htm

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2015. Disparities in Oral Health. Division of Oral Health. Page updated: March 20, 2015. Online as of September 24, 2015, at http://www.cdc.gov/OralHealth/oral_health_disparities/index.htm and a pdf of this page, http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/cdc.disparities-in-oral-health.sept2015.pdf

Chachra D, Limeback H, Willett TL, Grynpas MD. 2010. The long-term effects of water fluoridation on the human skeleton. Journal of Dental Research, Nov; 89(11):1219-1223.
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Choi AL, Sun G, Zhang Y, Grandjean P. 2012. Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, Oct; 120(10):1362-8. http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/17299/

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Dean HT. 1934. Classification of Mottled Enamel Diagnosis. Journal of the American Dental Association 21:1421-1426.

Dean HT, Evolve F. 1935. Studies on the Minimal Threshold of the Dental Sign of Chronic Endemic Fluorosis (Mottled Enamel). Public Health Reports Dec 6;50:1719. Repr. 1721.

Dean HT, Dixon RM, Cohen C. 1935. Mottled Enamel in Texas. Public Health Reports 50:424-442.

Dean HT, Evolve E. 1936. Some Epidemiological Aspects of Chronic Endemic Dental Fluorosis. American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health June 26:567.

Dean HT, Evolve E. 1937. Further Studies on the Minimal Threshold of Chronic Endemic Dental Fluorosis. Public Health Reports Sept. 10;52:1249. Repr. 1857.

Dean, HT, McKay FS, Elvove E. 1938. Mottled Enamel Survey of Bauxite, Ark., Ten Years After a Change in the Common Water Supply. Public Health Reports 53:1736-1748.

Dean, HT, Elvove E, Poston RF. 1939. Mottled Enamel in South Dakota. Public Health Reports 54:212-228.

Dean HT, McKay FS. 1939. Production of Mottled Enamel Halted by a Change in Common Water Supply. American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health, 29: 590-596.

Dean HT, Arnold Jr. FA, Elvove E. 1941. Domestic Water and Dental Caries. II. A Study of 2,832 White Children, Aged 12 to 14 Years, of 8 Suburban Chicago Communities Including Lactobacillus Acidophilus Studies of 1,761 Children. Public Health Reports 56:761–92.

Dean HT, Arnold Jr. FA, Elvove E. 1942. Domestic Water and Dental Caries. V. Additional Studies of the Relation of Fluoride Domestic Waters to Dental Caries Experience in 4425 White Children, age 12-14 years, of 13 Cities in 4 States. Public Health Reports 57(32): 1155–79, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC1968063/pdf/pubhealthreporig01481-0001.pdf

Denbesten, P. and W. Li, 2011. Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis. Monographs in Oral Science 22:81–96. Abstract

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Donahue J. 2003. Presentation by Joyce Donahue, PhD, to the National Research Council Committee: Toxicologic Risk of Fluoride in Drinking Water Washington DC. August 12. http://fluoridealert.org/content/presentation-by-joyce-donahue-phd-to-the-national-research-council-committee-august-12-2003/

Dong Z, Wan C, Liu J. 1993. Determination of the contents of amino-acid and monoamine neurotransmitters in fetal brains from a fluorosis-endemic area. Journal of Guiyang Medical College 18(4):241-45. http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/15211/

Du L, Wan C, Cao X, Liu J. 1992. The effect of fluorine on the developing human brain. Chinese Journal of Pathology 21(4):218-20; republished in Fluoride 2008, 41(4):327–330. http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/15077/

Dye BA, Thornton-Evans G, Li X, Iafolla TJ. 2015. Dental Caries and Sealant Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2011–2012. NCHS Data Brief, no. 191. National Center for Health Statistics. March. http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/cdc.dye-20152.pdf

Egemen A, Kusin N, Aksit S, et al. 2002. A generally neglected threat in infant nutrition: incorrect preparation of infant formulae. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics Oct-Dec;44(4):298-303.
Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12458804

Ekstrand J, Boreus LO, Chateau P. 1981. No evidence of transfer of fluoride from plasma to breast milk. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 19;283(6294):761-2.
Abstract: http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/15547/

Ekstrand J, Spak CJ, Falch J, Afseth J, Ulvestad H. 1984. Distribution of fluoride to human breast milk following intake of high dose. Caries Research 18(1):93-5.
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2010b. Fluoride: Exposure and Relative Source Contribution Analysis. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecological Criteria Division. 820-R-10 -015.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/epa-2010.exposure.pdf

Fagin D. 2008. Second Thoughts About Fluoride. Scientific American, January 21. Excerpts at
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FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2005. Fluoride Levels in Food. http://fluoridealert.org/researchers/pesticide/fluoride-residues-food/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2005. Interview with Dr. Arvid Carlsson. October 4. http://fluoridealert.org/content/carlsson-interview/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2006. Harvard/Bone Cancer Files.
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FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2007. Index to High Levels of Fluoride in U.S. Drinking Water.
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FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2011a. Comments on the U.S. EPA’s Report. Fluoride: Dose Response Analysis for Non-Cancer Effects. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 19 (revised April 21).
http://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/fan-dose-response.comments.apr_.20111.pdf

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2011b. Comments on the U.S. EPA’s Report Fluoride: Exposure and Relative Source Contribution Analysis. Prepared for the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, April 19 (revised April 21).
http://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/fan.exposure.revised.4-22-11.pdf

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2011c. Civil Rights Leaders call for halt to water fluoridation. Press Release, Fluoride Action Network. April 14.
http://fluoridealert.org/news/civil-rights-leaders-call-for-halt-to-water-fluoridation-2/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2012a. Tooth decay trends in fluoridated vs. unfluroidated countries. http://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries01/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2012b. Nutrient deficiencies enhance fluoride toxicity. http://fluoridealert.org/studies/nutrition/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2013a. Environmental Justice: The Oral Health Crisis. Fluoride Action Network.
http://fluoridealert.org/issues/ej/dental-care/

FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2013b. America’s Dental Care Crisis. Fluoride Action Network.
http://fluoridealert.org/content/dental-care/
FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2015a. Fluoridegate: More revelations. May 20 bulletin.
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FAN (Fluoride Action Network). 2015b. Fluoride & IQ: The 44 Studies.
http://fluoridealert.org/studies/brain01/ FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2015. About dental amalgam fillings. Online as of September 24, 2015, at http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DentalProducts/DentalAmalgam/ – or pdf at http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/mercury.dental-amalgam.about_.online-sept2015.pdf

Fisher RL, Medcalf TW, Henderson MC. 1989. Endemic fluorosis with spinal cord compression. A case report and review. Archives of Internal Medicine 149(3):697-700. Abstract: http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/16402/

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Galletti P, Joyet G. 1958. Effect of fluorine on thyroidal iodine metabolism in hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology. 18(10):1102-1110. October. http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/15432/

Gracia N. 2011. Fluoridation issues in GA. Email sent to Howard Koh (HHS/OASH) and Dora Hughes (HHS/IOS). This email was one of a large number of responses to FOIA requests from Dan Stockin and others.
http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/2011_04_27_foia_fluorosis.pdf

Grandjean P, Landrigan PJ. 2014. Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity. Lancet Neurology, Feb 15;13:330-38.
http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/16387/

Grossman D. 1990. Fluoride’s Revenge: Has this cure, too, become a disease? The Progressive. http://fluoridealert.org/articles/progressive-1990/

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http://fluoridealert.org/news/at-the-harvard-school-of-dental-medicine-one-professors-flouride-scandal-stinks/

He H, Cheng Z, Liu W. 1989. Effects of fluorine on the human fetus. Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases 4(3):136-138, 1989; republished in Fluoride 2008, 41(4):321–326. http://fluoridealert.org/studytracker/15080/

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HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2015. Public Health Service Recommendation for Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water for Prevention of Dental Caries. Federal Register, 80 FR 24936, Notice. May 1. http://fluoridealert.org/news/public-health-service-recommendation-for-fluoride-concentration-in-drinking-water-for-prevention-of-dental-caries/

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See live links for the report’s

119 state Oral Health Reports

Table 3