"The
findings strongly suggest that children with calcium deficiency
rickets reported in the literature should be re-investigated for
possible fluoride interactions... This aspect has not been
analysed in any of the reports published on calcium deficiency
rickets. A greater index of clinical acumen
is, therefore, necessary to differentiate calcium disorders in
childhood from fluoride and calcium interaction syndromes
of bone disease and deformities..."
SOURCE: Teotia M, Teotia SP, Singh KP. (1998). Endemic chronic
fluoride toxicity and dietary calcium deficiency interaction syndromes
of metabolic bone disease and deformities in India: year 2000.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics 65:371-81.
"During our field studies our attention
was drawn to the high incidence of bone disease and bony leg deformities
with clinical invalidism in children exposed to high intake of
endemic fluoride in drinking water. Due to variable and
unusual clinical features, these children
had often been mistaken for rickets, renal
osteodystrophy, osteosclerosis and hereditary osteopathies etc."
SOURCE: Teotia M, Teotia SP, Singh KP. (1998). Endemic chronic
fluoride toxicity and dietary calcium deficiency interaction syndromes
of metabolic bone disease and deformities in India: year 2000.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics 65:371-81.
"Three children demonstrated some features resembling rickets
in the form of fraying of metaphyses and apparent widening of
the epiphyseal cartilage. These patients also had subperiosteal
resorption of phalanges...A rickets-like
picture may be a manifestation of the mineralization defects induced
by fluoride toxicity..."
SOURCE: Mithal A, et al. (1993). Radiological spectrum of endemic
fluorosis: relationship with calcium intake. Skeletal Radiology
22: 257-61.
"In skeletal fluorosis mineralization defects in mineralized
bone are common but are not specific of this pathology since
(similar defects) have been reported
in renal osteodystrophy,
vitamin D-treated osteomalacia,
vitamin D-resistant rickets..."
SOURCE: Boivin G, et al. (1989). Skeletal fluorosis: histomorphometric
analysis of bone changes and bone fluoride content in 29 patients.
Bone 10:89-99.
"Osteomalacia has been found
in osteoporotic patients treated with sodium fluoride alone, and
increased prevalence of rickets has
been reported for children from a high fluoride area."
SOURCE: Kragstrup J, et al. (1984). Experimental osteo-fluorosis
in the domestic pig: a histomorphometric study of vertebral trabecular
bone. Journal of Dental Research 63: 885-889.
"Metabolic bone disease occurred more frequently in residents
of endemic (fluorosis) areas than in residents of nonendemic areas
whose nutritional status was comparable. Common
metabolic bone disorders, associated with endemic skeletal fluorosis,
were osoteoporosis (bone resorption), rickets,
osteomalacia, and parathyroid bone disease."
SOURCE: Teotia SPS, et al. (1984). Environmental fluoride and
metabolic bone disease: an epidemiological study (fluoride and
nutrient interactions). Fluoride 17: 14-2
"The osseous changes in fluorosis have been described as
osteosclerosis, exostosis, hyperostosis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia,
and rickets. Many
questions arise as to why sometimes one type of osteopathy is
induced and another at other times. The pathogenesis of the osseous
changes in fluorosis has not been uncovered. Hodge and Smith (1965)
commented on the cellular mechanisms whereby the bone lesions
are induced in fluorosis: 'Questions are many, and answers are
few, indeed, practically non-existent.'"
SOURCE: Krook L, Maylin GA. (1979). Industrial fluoride pollution.
Chronic fluoride poisoning in Cornwall Island cattle. Cornell
Veterinarian 69(Suppl 8): 1-70.
"The changes produced in experimental animals... have been
described as resembling osteomalacia
by Roholm (1937), osteoporosis by Kellner (1939) and osteomalacia
and rickets by Bauer (1945)."
SOURCE: Faccini JM. (1969). Fluoride and bone. Calcified Tissue
Research 3:1-16.
"the new tissue (formed under fluoride
therapy) had the characteristic appearance of bone from patients
with rickets."
SOURCE: Jowsey J, et al. (1968). Some results of the effect of
fluoride on bone tissue in osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology 28:869-874.
"Fluoride has been reported to result in sclerosis of the
skeleton; on the other hand, recent studies
have shown that fluoride may also produce rickets in young
animals and osteoid tissue in adult
animals and in human beings."
SOURCE: Burkhart JM, Jowsey J. (1968).
Effect of variations in calcium intake on the skeleton of fluoride-fed
kittens. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 72: 943-50.
"An abnormal number of haversian canals are filled with
calcified connective tissue. There are osteocytes with adjacent
low mineral-density tissue and wide
osteoid borders, features characteristic
of rickets."
SOURCE: Adams PH, Jowsey J. (1965). Sodium fluoride in the treatment
of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Annals of Internal
Medicine 63: 1151-1155.
"Some of the manifestations of fluoride
feeding reported here and in previous work recall the classical
rachitic syndrome: decreased growth,
decreased and imperfect mineralization, hypertrophy of the costochondral
junction, and overproduction of osteoid."
SOURCE: Belanger LF, et al. (1958). Rachitomimetic effects of
fluoride feeding on the skeletal tissues of growing pigs. American
Journal of Pathology 34: 25-36.
"Some of these (fluoride-exposed) babies
have more tendency to bowing of the legs, even in the face of
constant antirachitic therapy, thus suggesting the
theory that the toxic fluorides interfere with the bone and dental
metabolism."
SOURCE: Lemmon JR. (1934). Mottled enamel in children: a resume
with consideration of clinical and etiological factors. Texas
State Journal of Medicine 30: 332-336.
