Exposure to fluoride beyond the recommended level for longer duration causes both dental and skeletal fluorosis. Thus, the development of cost-effective, locally available, and environmentally benign adsorbents for fluoride removal from contaminated water sources is absolutely required. In the present study, diatomaceous earth (diatomite) locally available in Ethiopia, modified by treating it with an aluminum hydroxide solution, was used as an adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out by using batch contact method. The adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy. Effects of different parameters affecting efficiency of fluoride removal such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and pH were investigated and optimized. The optimum adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration, and pH values were 25 g/L, 180 min, 10 mg/L, and 6.7, respectively. The performance of the adsorbent was also tested under optimum conditions using groundwater samples taken from Hawassa and Ziway. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium data. Compared to Langmuir isotherm (R 2 = 0.888), the Freundlich isotherm (R 2 = 0.985) model was better fitted to describe the adsorption characteristics of fluoride on Al-diatomite. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 1.67 mg/g. The pseudosecond-order model was found to be more suitable than the pseudofirst-order to describe the adsorption kinetics. The low correlation coefficient value of R 2 = 0.596 for the intraparticle diffusion model indicates that the intraparticle diffusion model does not apply to the present studied adsorption system. The maximum fluoride removal was observed to be 89.4% under the optimum conditions which indicated that aluminum hydroxide-modified diatomite can be used as efficient, cheap, and ecofriendly adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.
Excerpt from article:
Fluoride contamination of groundwater by natural as well as anthropogenic sources is a major problem worldwide, imposing a serious threat to human health. Water contamination by fluoride from industrial activities includes effluent discharge, fertilizers and pesticides, fluorosilicone and fluorocarbon polymer synthesis, coke manufacturing, glass and ceramic manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, electroplating operations, steel and aluminum manufacturing, metal etching (with hydrofluoric acid), and wood preservatives [2]. There are many ores, minerals, and rocks present inside the earth’s crust, which are the natural sources of fluoride. The major sources of fluoride in
groundwater are weathering and geochemical dissolution of fluoride-bearing rocks such as sellaite (MgF2), fluorspar (CaF2), cryolite (Na3AlF6), and fluorapatite (calcium fluorophosphates (Ca5(PO4)3F). Because of the long contact time of fluoride-bearing ores, minerals, and rocks with groundwater, there is a constant leaching of fluoride ions that is responsible for the high fluoride concentration in groundwater as well as oceanic water [3].
Fluoride enters into the human body through a variety of sources like water, food, air, medicine, and cosmetics. Among these, drinking water is the most common source which makes fluoride available to human beings [4]…
References for Excerpt:
[2] A. Tewari and A. Dubey, “Defluoridation of drinking water: efficacy and need,” Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31–37, 2009.
[3] M. Mohapatra, S. Anand, B. K. Mishra, D. E. Giles, and P. Singh, “Review of fluoride removal from drinking water,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 67–77, 2009.
[4] G. Viswanathan, S. Gopalakrishnan, and S. Siva Ilango, “Assessment of water contribution on total fluoride intake of various age groups of people in fluoride endemic and nonendemic areas of Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, South India,” Water Research, vol. 44, no. 20, pp. 6186–6200, 2010.
*Original article online at http://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/akafu-2019.pdf
Print 
PDF