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  • Longitudinal associations between early-life fluoride exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children.

    4. Discussion … Fluoridation of drinking water has been implemented in multiple countries to promote dental health. These findings can help inform whether fluoridation practices are an optimal cost-effective measure to improve health. Even though fluoride can be excreted from the body within hours, a potential long-lasting endocrine-disrupting role of the chemical should be considered […]

  • Prevalence and estimation of the occupational risk of the musculoskeletal disorders in workers of aluminum potrooms

    The most severe consequence of intensive exposure to fluorides is skeletal injury with initial injury of spongy bones (pelvis and spine) and calcification of the ligaments, followed by involvement of the long bones in the disease. These radiological-morphological abnormalities are the diagnostic criteria and have been made the basis for classification of skeletal fluorosis [5, […]

  • Fluoride-induced apoptosis in non-skeletal tissues of experimental animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    1. Introduction … Apoptosis is a highly regulated and programmed cell death characterized by specific biochemical and morphological features that culminate in cellular shrinkage to apoptotic bodies that are engulfed by neighboring macrophages [[12]]. This occurs without an accompanying inflammatory response. Characterized morphological changes accompanying apoptosis include cleavage of cytoskeletal filament fibers, cell cytoplasm, and […]

  • X-ray diagnosis of fluorine-associated arthropathy

    I. Pathological basis and X-ray signs of fluorine-associated arthropathy Long-term uptake of excessive fluorine may cause pathological changes of bone structure and bone periphery; furthermore, animal experiments and epidemiological investigations demonstrate that fluorosis may cause necrosis, degeneration and ulceration of articular cartilage, and also cause necrosis of subchondral bones, leading to hypertrophy of synovium and […]

  • Neuroligin-3 activates Akt-dependent Nrf2 cascade to protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress.

    Introduction Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells and are the main functional cells for bone formation [[1], [2], [3]]. They are responsible for the synthesis, secretion and mineralization of bone matrix and can secrete various bioactive substances for bone formation and reconstruction [[1], [2], [3]]. In the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, uncontrolled reactive oxygen species […]

  • Regional and racial/ethnic inequalities in public drinking water fluoride concentrations across the US.

    References  Articles referenced by this article (26) Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Worthington HV, Walsh T, O’Malley L, Clarkson JE, Macey R, Alam R, Tugwell P, Welch V, Glenny AM Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (6):CD010856 2015 MED: 26092033 The effectiveness of community water fluoridation in the United States. Horowitz HS […]

  • Fluoride exposure and blood cell markers of inflammation in children and adolescents in the United States: NHANES, 2013–2016.

    Background Fluoride is a highly electronegative anion which, when present in saliva or other topical dental products, enhances the precipitation of calcium phosphates on the tooth enamel surface [1]. The observation that naturally fluoridated water was associated with reduced dental decay [2] lead the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) to recommend that 1 ppm fluoride be […]

  • The effect of small quantities of fluorine on the human body

    Based on several studies, national standard GOST 2874-54 established the maximum allowable concentration of fluorine in drinking water to be 1.5 mg/l. However, this standard cannot be considered sufficiently substantiated. Despite the fact that fluorine exhibits strong neurotropic activity, the question pertaining to the functional state of the nervous system as a result of the […]

  • Human studies on Fluoride’s Neurotoxicity

    U.S. agencies funding the studies: NIH (National Institute of Heath). The NIEHS and the NIDCR come under the aegis of the NIH. NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) has responsibility for the NTP (National Toxicology Program). The NIEHS is the research arm of U.S. regulatory agencies. The NTP is best known for its Reports […]

  • Dose dependence of prenatal fluoride exposure associations with cognitive performance at school age in three prospective studies.

    Fluoride exposure from the Odense Child Cohort (OCC) While the addition of fluoride to drinking water is not legal in Denmark, elevated fluoride concentrations up to 1.5 mg/l naturally occur in groundwater in parts of the country,13 and some types of tea, especially black tea, constitute an additional source of exposure.14 In Odense municipality, the […]