Trifluralin
CAS No. 1582-09-8

 
 

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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
NTIS Reports

ACTIVITY: Herbicide (dinitroaniline)

CAS Name: 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine

Structure:

Adverse Effects:

Adverse Effects:
Anemia
Bladder
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone

Cancer:
Possible Human Carcinogen - Urinary bladder, Kidney, Thyroid, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Testicular
Elevated odds ratio for NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA among farmers

Dermal
Endocrine:
Suspected Disruptor
Endocrine: Testicular
Endocrine:
Thyroid
Genotoxicity
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Reproductive

Environmental Effects:

Persists in soil

PBT: Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic

Low degradability, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic to water-living organisms

Fish: Highly toxic to Very highly toxic

Amphibians: Slightly toxic to Highly Toxic

Regulatory Information
(only comprehensive for the US)
US EPA Registered: Yes 
US EPA PC Code: 036101 
California Chemical Code 597 
US Tolerances: 151 
FDA LMS Code: CFR 180.207 
Registered use in
(includes only a limited list of countries)

Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, UK, US, Vietnam
Japan's Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) Beans (dry), Broad beans, Hop, Other Legumes/pulses, Other Potatoes, Peanuts (dry), Potato, Rice, Sugar beet, Sugarcane, Sweet Potato, Taro, Yam, Almond, Apple, Apricot, Artichoke, Asparagus, Avocado, Banana, Barley, Blackberry, Blueberry, Broccoli, Brussel Sprouts, Buckwheat, Burdock, Cabbage, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery, Cherry, Chestnut, Chicory, Corn, Cotton oil seeds, Craneberry, Cucumber, Date, Eggplant, Endive, Garlic, Ginger, Ginkgo nut, Grape, Grapefruit, Guava, Horseradish, Huckleberry, Kale, Kidney beans, Kiwifruit, Komatsuna, Konjac, Kyona, Lemon, Lettuce, Lime, Loquat, Makuwauri, Mango, Melons, Mitsuba, Multiplying onion (inc. Shallot), Mushroom (Button, Shitake, Other), Natsudaidai (whole), Nectarine, Okra, Onion, Orange, Oriental pickling melon, Other Berries, Other Cereal grains, Other Citrus fruits, Other Composite vegs,
Other Cucurbitaceous vegs,
Other Cruciferous vegs,
Other Liliaceous vegs,
Other Nuts, Other Oil seeds,
Other Solanaceous vegs,
Other Umbelliferous vegs,
Papaya, Parsley, Parsnip, Passion fruit, Peach, Pear, Peas, Pecan, Persimon, Pimento, Pineapple, Plum, Pumpkin (inc Squash), Quince, Radish, Rape oil seeds, Raspberry, Rye, Safflower oil seeds, Salsify, Sesame oil seeds, Shungiku, Soybeans, Spinach, Strawberry, Sunflower oil seeds, Tea, Tomato, Turnip (inc Rutabaga), Unshu orange, Walnut, Watercress, Watermelon, Welsh (inc Leek), Wheat
US Maximum Residue Levels permitted in food commodities
Permitted in or on 129 food commodities, including:
Alfalfa hay, Asparagus, Barley, Bean -mung, Carrot, Corn, Cotton, Cress, Flax, Citrus fruit, Fruit (stone crop Group 12), Grape, Hop, Legume (forage), Nut tree group, Peanut, Peppermint, Rapeseed seed, Safflower seed, Sorghum, Spearmint, Sugarcane cane, Sunflower seeds, Vegetable (Curcurbit & Fruiting groups), Vegetable (leafy), Vegetable (root crop exc. carrots), Vegetable (seed & pod), Wheat
Other Information
Molecular Formula: C13H16 F3 N3O4 
Entry Year:

1959 

First registered in the US in 1963.

Inventing Company: Patented by Eli Lily.
Manufacturers: Dow Agro
Makhteshim-Agan
Industria Prodotti Chimici
Tri Corporation
Albaugh Inc.
 
Other Names:

L-36352
Treflan
Triflurex

Manufacture sites: ARGENTINA: Atanor

AUSTRALIA: Nufarm

BRAZIL: Defensa Industria de Defensivos

CHINA:
Zhejiang Dongyang Pesticide Factory
Dongyang Kangfeng Organic Fluorine Chemicals Plant in Dongyang City (see box below)

GUATEMALA: Agrotran SA

HUNGARY: Budapest Chemical Works

ISRAEL: Agan Chemical

ITALY: Dintec Agroquimica, Milan

ITALY: Industria Prodotti Chimici, Milan

SOUTH AFRICA: Sanachem, Canelands

US: Eli Lilly (Dintec Agroquimica) Lafayette, Indianapolis 47902
 
Of special interest:
PAN Data
Material Safety Data Sheets & Labels
Jan 23, 2006: Conservation Group Moves for Court Order Restricting Use of 66 Pesticides in Core Red-Legged Frog Habitat.
San Francisco, Calif. – The Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) in a legal motion today asked a U.S. District Court to protect the threatened California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) from 66 of the most toxic and persistent pesticides authorized for use in California, by creating pesticide-free buffer zones around the frog’s core habitat and by requiring consumer hazard warnings so that all Californians may learn how to protect frogs. [Trifluralin was one of the 66 pesticides.]
In response to a lawsuit filed by CBD against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in April of 2002, the District Court found in September of 2005 that the EPA violated the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by registering pesticides for use without considering how they might impact the continued existence of the red-legged frog. The motion for “injunctive relief” delivered today asks the court to protect the frog from pesticides in or adjacent to aquatic frog habitat designated as core recovery areas, until the EPA completes a formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on the impacts of the pesticides on red-legged frogs, as required under the ESA... CBD is asking the Court to impose a three-year schedule for the EPA to determine whether the 66 pesticides may affect the red-legged frog and to complete formal consultations with USFWS to ensure the pesticides are not jeopardizing the frog or contributing to its decline. To minimize harm to frogs during the consultation process, the motion asks for an injunction on use of the pesticides around aquatic features and upland habitats within the frog’s core recovery areas, as designated by USFWS in the agency’s Recovery Plan for the California Red-legged Frog. This injunction would also apply buffer areas for terrestrial and aerial pesticide applications, affecting approximately 7 percent of the current range of the frog and less than 1 percent of the area of California. CBD is also requesting that the EPA conduct monitoring for pesticides in three of the recovery areas to determine whether the buffers are effectively protecting the frog, inform pesticide users about the injunction, and post point-of-sale notifications warning consumers about harmful effects these pesticides may have on the frog...
Oct 18, 2005 - Judge orders EPA to notify retailers, distributors, about pesticide concerns. By Peggy Andersen. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. A federal judge has ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to send letters to pesticide retailers, distributors and wholesalers in three states (Washington, Oregon and California), outlining their responsibilities for notifying consumers about the dangers posed to salmon by the chemicals... At issue are products containing Malathion, Carbaryl, Trifluralin and Triclopyr, Diuron, 2,4-D and Diazinon...

July 12, 2005 (release date) - Initial risk assessment provided by the rapporteur Member State of Greece for the existing active substance Trifluralin. (208 pages). European Food Safety Authority. Documents released:

- Final addendum to the Draft Assessment Report (DAR) (208 pages)
- Summary (4 pages)
- Comments on the draft assessment report (61 pages)
- Reporting table (88 pages)
- EPCO expert meeting reports (131 pages)
- Evaluation table (61 pages)

March 14, 2005 - European Food Safety Authority: Conclusion regarding the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance trifluralin. EFSA Scientific Report (2005) 28, 1-77. (77 pages)
Note: See page 30 for the list of studies to be generated or still ongoining.
March 14, 2005 - European Food Safety Authority: Summary of the EFSA Scientific Report (2005) 28, 1-77. (4 pages)
Online August 2005 - UK Environmental Agency. Table 2: List 2 Dangerous substances. Table 2a: Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for List 2 dangerous substances, EC Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC). List 2 substances include Cyfluthrin, Flucofuron, Trifluralin. 
Also at this primary site.

November 24, 2004 - US EPA documents released:

August 30, 2004 - Trifluralin Risk Assessment Overview (10 pages)
May 7, 2004 - Trifluralin: Human Health Risk Assessment (55 pages)
October 2, 2003 - Toxicology Disciplinary Chapter for the Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision Document Trifluralin (PC Code: 036101) (66 pages)
August 31, 2004 - Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision (TRED) for Trifluralin  (3 pages)
Sept 21, 2004 - Clarification of the Trifluralin Drinking Water Assessment for the HED Tolerance Reassessment and Characterization on Relative Differences for USGS NAWQA Ground Water Monitoring Data and Its Comparison to SCI-GROW Model Predictions as presented in the NRDC objection (Imidacloprid FR) and the trifluralin TRED (D308490)  (2 pages)
May 12, 2004 - Review of "Dissipation of Transferable Residues of Benefin and Trifluralin on Turf Treated with a Formulation of the Pesticides"  (15 pages)
May 2, 2003 - Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee - Trifluralin (P.C. Code 036101) - (32 pages)
May 5, 2004 - Residential Exposure Assessment and Recommendations for the Tolerance Reassessment Evaluation Decision (TRED) Document for Trifluralin (50 pages)
March 8, 2004 - Trifluralin. Anticipated Residues, Acute, Probabilistic, Chronic and Cancer Dietary Exposure Assessments for the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (68 pages)
March 9, 2004 - Trifluralin: Health Effects Division (HED) Metabolism Assessment Review Committee (MARC) Decision Document. Meeting Date: 4 February 2004. PC Code: 036101 (4 pages)
March 4, 2004 - Trifluralin: Residue Chemistry Chapter for the Tolerance Reassessment Evaluation Decision (TRED) Document (75 pages)
Dec 3, 2003 - Trifluralin - Drinking Water Assessment for Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision (PC Code: 036101; DP Barcode: D296624 (109 pages)
March 9, 2004 - Review of Trifluralin Incident Reports DP Barcode D300064, Chemical# 036101 (11 pages)

April 1996 - Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) - US EPA  
April 1996 - R.E.D. FACTS - Environmental Protection Agency  
TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Bank
1993 - IRIS profile - US EPA 
June 2002 - In Australia when Trifluralin is used "{T} To prevent root intrusion in underground orchard irrigation systems" no maximum residue levels are required. Ref: June 2002. Table 5. Uses of substances where maximum residue limits are not necessary. Australian National Registration Authority for Agricultural Veterinary Chemicals. The MRL Standard. Maximum residue limits in food and animal feedstuff. http://www.nra.gov.au/residues/mrl5.pdf  
2000 US Toxic Release Inventory: Brief Summary 
2000 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). On-site and Off-site Reported Releases (in pounds), All Facilities (of 31) for facilities in All Industries, Trifluralin (list 1988, threshold changed to 100 lbs in 2000). 
US Map of Pesticide Use: 1992-1995 
Herbicide Products - partial list 
April 2002 - Beer in the UK: 23 organofluorine pesticides approved for use on malting barley. Published by the British Beer and Pubs Association and Brewing Research International.  
Abstracts 
FAN's compilation of reports (with abstracts) available from
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
UK: Table 2. Dangerous Substances Directive. List 2 substances include Cyfluthrin, Flucofuron, Trifluralin. 
Fact sheet from Pesticides News (UK)
December 6. 2001 - CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) section 104 (i), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), requires ATSDR and the EPA to prepare a list, in order of priority, of substances that are most commonly found at facilities on the National Priorities List (NPL) and which are determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health due to their known or suspected toxicity and potential for human exposure at these NPL sites.
March 2000 - Cenex Supply and Marketing, Inc. (CSMI) in Quincy, Grant County, Washington, operated a liquid fertilizer and soil fumigant storage and distribution facility. Seious contamination resulted from the landspreading of pesticide sediment sludges on agricultural land. Among the many pesticides found in soil samples, three herbicides (trifluralin, vernolate, and ethalfluralin), one insecticide (chlorpyrifos), one pesticide (disulfoton), and three metals (chromium, beryllium, and cadmium) exceeded one or more health-based comparison values in CSMI soil. The population of Quincy is 3,715. This report characterizes the community's concerns about excess cancer and disease rates, very rare abnormalities such as Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome, and ill health as not "unusual" - a typical ATSDR-explantion handed out to very sick communities. 
February 2000 - Hungary's Pesticide Industry produces the fluorinated pesticides: Benefin (Benfluralin); Flufenzin; Fluometuron; Trifluralin. Hungary's pesticide industry includes partnerships with DuPont, Rhone Poulenc, and the American CEDAR group. Hungary's Ministry of Economic Affairs.  
June 1996 - Pesticide Information Profile - Cornell Extoxnet 
1996 - Material Safety Data Sheet for Treflan HFP Herbicide. 43% Trifluralin - DOW AGRO SCIENCES  
November 1995 - Pesticide Fact Sheet - Information Ventures, Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service by Information Ventures, Inc. 
1995, Updated Summary of Toxicology Data, California EPA
Hazard Summary - US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards  
One of 8 fluorinated pesticides used to cultivate grapes in Australia. 
1990 - 1993: Cotton pesticide usage in the US, 1990-1993 - USGS.
Trifluralin (# 2); Fluometuron (#3); Norflurazon (# 9)
 
1978 - Bioassay of Trifluralin for Possible Carcinogenicity - National Toxicology Program
2000 - "P" is for Poison. Update on Pesticide Use in California Schools, by TM Olle. A report by Californians for Pesticide Reform.
US EPA Index of Cleared Science Reviews - (see also NTIS Reports)
1991 - International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)  

In 2000, Trifluralin ranked number 29 for "Most Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area Treated)"

Rank Formulation Method Area treated (ha) Weight applied (kg ai)
29 Trifluralin Spray 336,747 314,200

Ref: April 29, 2000. UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs in the online report, "Design of a Tax or Charge Scheme for Pesticides. " Annex C3: Overview of Pesticide Industry


June 14, 2001 - Implementation of the Community Strategy for Endocrine Disruptors - a range of substances suspected of interfering with the hormone systems of humans and wildlife. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels COM (2001) 262 final. (More information available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/docum/01262_en.htm )

This document presents a "priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption. During 2000, a candidate list of 553 man-made substances and 9 synthetic/natural hormones has been identified." Organofluorine pesticides in this list include:

Substances included on the Endocrine Disruptor Liist CAS No. Substances included on the Endocrine Disruptor Liist CAS No.
Bifenthrin 82657-04-3 Flutriafol 76674-21-0
Cyhalothrin (@Karate) 91465-08-6 Fluvalinate 69409-94-5
Diflubenzuron 35367-38-5 Prodiamine 29091-21-2
Epoxiconazole - Stannane, tributylfluoro [Tributyltin fluoride] 1983-10-4
Fipronil - Trifluralin 1582-09-8
Fluazifop-butyl 69806-50-4    

Dongyang Kangfeng Organic Fluorine Chemical Factory
Dongyang Kangfeng Organic Fluorine Chemicals Plant was established in 1995, it’s a key enterprise for production and development of organic fluorine series products, which is one of the hundred tax-payers in Dongyang City. Now, the plant has a fixed asset of more than USD 500 million, a working staff of 81 persons including 18 researchers, and contains more than 20,000 square meters, and has established a good cooperation with some chemical research institutes all over the world.
Our plant is located in Xueshi Zai Industrial Zone of Huailu Dongyang city, which is in the middle of Zhejiang province P.R. China where is abundant of fluorine ore. We have a strong technology research group, advanced production technicals and first class production equipments, a perfect quality control system and advantageous location. We have established a set of environmental protection system. At present, our annual production of benzotrifluoride, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride and their series products are over 10,000 tons including Herbicides-Trifluralin and Benefin technical with 4,000 tons 1,000 tons respectively. They are of good quality and are mainly sold abroad.
We are sticking to the principle of leading by science and technology, depending on products' good quality and developing on good credit and keep our efforts in deep development of trifluoromethyl series, fluobenzene series medicine and pesticide, dyeing staff intermediates...
Online as of April 17, 2005, at http://www.kangfeng.com/pages/about.htm


US Federal Register

•• Note: Due to length, the following is a partial list. Click here to see full list of FR entries.

Date Published Docket Identification Number Details
November 8, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0084

Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain
Pesticide Registrations
.

EPA Registration no. Product Name Registrant
000228-00207 Riverdale Team .87 Lawn Weed and Feed Nufarm Americas Inc.
150 Harvester Drive Suite 200,
Burr Ridge IL 60527
000228-00256 Riverdale Team 1.33% Lawn Weed and Feed same
009198-00091 The Andersons Tee Time Plus 0.57% Team The Andersons Lawn Fertilizer
Division, Inc., dba/ Free Flow
Fertilizer,
PO Box 119,
Maumee OH 43537
009198-00091 The Andersons Tee Time Plus 0.57% Team same
009198-00101 The Andersons Fertilizer with 0.87% Team same
009198-00130 The Andersons Fertilizer with 1.50% Team same
010404-00056 Lesco Turf Fertilizer with 1.15% Team
Lesco Inc.,
1301 E. 9th Street,
Suite 1300, Cleveland OH
44114-1849
September 15, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0459 Tolerance Actions. FINAL RULE.
EPA is revoking certain tolerances for the herbicide trifluralin; and modifying certain tolerances for the herbicides sodium acifluorfen and trifluralin. In addition, EPA is establishing new tolerances for the herbicide trifluralin. The regulatory actions in this document are part of the Agency's reregistration program under the FIFRA.
September 1, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0702

Request for Public Comment on Proposed Stipulated Injunction Involving 66 Pesticides and the California Red-legged Frog.
Center for Biological Diversity vs EPA.

June 28, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0084 Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations.
EPA Registration no. Product Name Registrant
008660-00019   Sta-Green Crabgrass
Preventer Plus
Lawn Fertilizer
United Industries Corp. d/b/a
Sylorr Plant Corp.
PO Box 142642
St. Lou, MO 631140642.
008660-00143   Vertagreen Fertilizer for Professional Use with Team same
008660-00149   Vertagreen Lawn Food with Crabgrass Control same
008660-00151   Vertagreen for Professional Turf with Team same
032802-00024  Excel-N-Plus W/ crabgrass Control + Lawn Food Howard Johnson's Enterprises Inc.
700 W. Virginia St
Ste 222,
Milwauk, WI 532041548.
032802-00033  Hi-Tech Crabgrass Control same
032802-00035  Lawn Service Crabgrass Control same
032802-00040   Proteck 58 same
 
Nov 4, 2005 OPP-2005-0288 Notice of Receipt of Request for Amendments to Delete Uses in Certain Pesticide Registrations.  
EPA Registration no. Product Name Delete from Label Registrant Requesting Amendments to Delete Uses
001386-00609 Trifluralin 4 EC Herbicide Eggplant and Lentils Universal Cooperatives Inc.
1300 Corporate Center
Curve, Eagan, MN 55121.

•• Note: Due to length, the above is a partial list. Click here to see full list of FR entries.

 
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