Abstract
The mechanisms underlying fluoride-induced apoptosis in neurons still remain unknown. To investigate apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, and mRNA expression of Fas, Fas-L, and caspases (-3 and -8) induced by fluoride, human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were incubated with 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) for 24 h in vitro. The data show that cell viability in the 40 and 80 mg/L fluoride groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. The percentages of apoptosis in the 40 and 80 mg/L fluoride groups were markedly higher than those in the control group, and they increased with the increase in fluoride concentration. The activity of caspase-3 and mRNA expression levels for Fas, Fas-L, and caspases (-3 and -8) in the 40 and 80 mg/L fluoride groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. An agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (CH-11) significantly augmented apoptosis induction by fluoride, showing a synergistic effect, while a Fas-blocking antibody (ZB4) partly inhibited fluoride-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. The results indicate that fluoride exposure could induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, and the Fas/Fas-L signaling pathway may play an important role in the process.
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Effects of fluoride on the expression of NCAM, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.
The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of endemic fluorosis still remain unknown. To investigate the expression level of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM), oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by fluoride, the primary rat hippocampal neurons were incubated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/l sodium fluoride for 24 h in vitro. The
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Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rats.
Background: Structural brain abnormalities in newborn animals after prolonged exposure to all routinely used general anaesthetics have raised substantial concerns for similar effects occurring in millions of children undergoing surgeries annually. Combining a general anaesthetic with non-injurious sedatives may provide a safer anaesthetic technique. We tested dexmedetomidine as a mitigating
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Changed expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the brains of rats and primary neurons exposed to high level of fluoride
Expressions of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) in the brains of rats and primary neurons exposed to high fluoride were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into a fluorosis group (50 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for 6 months) and controls (<0.5ppm fluoride) and the offspring from these rats sacrificed
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[Study of the mechanism of neurone apoptosis in rats from the chronic fluorosis].
Objective: Study the mechanism of action chronic fluorosis in neurones. Methods: Terminal deoxyribo-nucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to observe changes of apoptosis in cerebral cells in chronic fluorosis in rats. Results: TUNEL results show non-random expression of DAB positive stain apoptosis cells which appear
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Effects of sodium fluoride on lipid peroxidation and PARP, XBP-1 expression in PC12 cell
This study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism of fluorine exposure that leads to nerve injury. PC12 cells were treated with fluorine at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). Cytoactivity was detected at different time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h). After 2 h, DCF was used
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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