Abstract

According to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine: National Standards Committee Proclamation (2005, No. 146), GB 16396-1996 “Clinical Diagnosis and Classification of Endemic Osteofluorosis” shall be repealed as of the date of implementation of these Criteria.

These Criteria combine GB 16396-1996 “Clinical Diagnosis and Classification of Endemic Osteofluorosis” and WS 192-1999 “X-ray Diagnosis of Osteofluorosis” into a single standard.   WS 192-1999 “X-ray Diagnosis of Osteofluorosis” shall be repealed as of the date of implementation of these Criteria.

The major changes included in these Criteria relative to GB 16396-1996 “Clinical Diagnosis and Classification of Endemic Osteofluorosis” and WS 192-1999 “X-ray Diagnosis of Osteofluorosis” are as follows:

• The name is changed to “Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Osteofluorosis”
• Joint pain and body motion dysfunction which affect patients ability to work and live normally have been included as diagnostic and classificatory criteria
• Clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs) of osteofluorosis are listed
• X-ray manifestations of osteofluorosis are also listed, including diagnostic and classificatory criteria
• An emphasis is placed on the fact that clinical symptoms, clinical signs as well as bone and joint x-ray changes may all be used for diagnosis and classification. When there is a conflict between clinical diagnosis or classification and x-ray diagnosis or classification, the x-ray results shall be taken as the standard
• Simplified the 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d subclassification of the level 3 classification in GB 16396-1996 “Clinical Diagnosis and Classification of Endemic Osteofluorosis”; all are now classified as “severe”
• Changed “increase in bone mass” to osteosclerosis, changed “decrease in bone mass” to osteoporosis or osteomalacia
• Added differential diagnosis material

These Criteria includes informative annexes A and B.

These Criteria have been proposed by the Endemic Disease Standards Expert Committee of the Ministry of Health.

These Criteria have been approved by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China.

These Criteria were drafted at the No. 1 Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Institute, the Endemic Disease Control Center of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Center, the Disease Prevention and Control Center of Guizhou Province, and the Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hunan Province.

These Criteria were primarily drafted by Huang Changqing, Liu Yunqi, Zhao Xinhua, Li Dasheng, Guo Xianchi.

The publication information for the Criteria replaced by these Criteria is: WS 192-1999.

• Related Studies :

  • MRI features of spinal fluorosis: results of an endemic community screening

    Objectives: Fluorosis is endemic in many parts of the world. However community studies on MRI features of fluorosis are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine MRI features of spinal changes in a community with endemic fluorosis in the Thar Desert Pakistan. Methodology: Randomly selected adults from the Village

  • Value of the bone biopsy in the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis

    Iliac crest biopsies taken from 43 men with industrial fluorosis were compared with control bone samples. The bone fluoride content was determined, histological examinations were made on stained sections and microradiographs, and morphometric analysis performed on the microradiographs alone. In the subjects with fluorosis, the bone fluoride content (5617 +/- 2143

  • [Bone fluorosis without occupational exposure in chronic renal insufficiency].

    Report on a 70-year-old male with bone fluorosis which was ascertained radiologically, by section and fluor analysis in the bone ash. With empty professional anamnesis as cause was found the presence of a chronic renal insufficiency with simultaneously increased fluor content of drinking water. The decreased renal excretion of fluoride

  • A clinical and biochemical study of chronic fluoride toxicity in children of Kheru Thanda of Gulbarga district, Karnataka, India

    The prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis was determined among children of Kheru Nayak Thanda of Gulbarga district, where the fluoride concentration in drinking water ranges from 0.6 to 13.4 ppm and the water has low levels of copper and zinc. These children were investigated clinically, radiologically and biochemically. The

  • Industrial Fluorosis [Carnow et al.]

    SUMMARY: In 1242 apparently healthy and actively employed workers of a Canadian aluminum facility, the history of musculoskeletal symptoms, of the incidence of fractures, of neck and back surgery, as well as the x-ray findings were reviewed. A highly significant relationship of exposure to fluoride was established with the frequency

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride & Osteoarthritis

    While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.

  • "Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis

    As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.

  • Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem

    It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.

  • Mayo Clinic: Fluoridation & Bone Disease in Renal Patients

    The available evidence suggests that some patients wtih long-term renal failure are being affected by drinking water with as little as 2 ppm fluoride. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers and if fluoride is indeed the cause. It would seem prudent, therefore, to monitor the fluoride intake of patients with renal failure living in high fluoride areas.

  • Gastrointestinal Problems Among Individuals with Skeletal Fluorosis

    Humans suffering from skeletal fluorosis are known to suffer from an increased occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders. When fluoride intake is reduced, these gastrointestinal problems are among the first symptoms to disappear. The following are some of the studies that have examined this issue: "It is clear from the observations presented in this article