Conclusion:
1. During the treatment with a total dose of 21 grams of fluoride in a two years period further compression fractures of vertebrae were noticed in 5 or 23 cases. No conclusion can be drawn of course from further compression fractures about the effectiveness of treatment. Concerning the peripheral skeleton an average decrease of the bone mineral content of the radius was observed.
2. The histological picture of the bone biopsies show on an average a positive influence of treatment after the mentioned dose and time.
3. Taking into consideration all parameters, an analysis of the individual cases shows a progression in 4 cases, an obvious amelioration of osteoporosis in 6 cases and in 13 cases nearly unchanged findings indicate no progression of the disease.
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Fluoride exposure may accelerate the osteoporotic change in postmenopausal women: animal model of fluoride-induced osteoporosis
Carbonic anhydrase is a key enzyme for initiating the crystal nucleation, seen as “the central dark line” in the crystal structure in calcified hard tissues such as tooth enamel, dentin and bone. Both estrogen deficiency and fluoride exposure adversely affected the synthesis of this enzyme in the calcifying hard tissues.
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The effects of protein deficiency and fluoride on bone mineral content of rat tibia
This study examined the effects of chronic protein deficiency and fluoride administration (10 mg/kg/day), separately or in combination, on rat tibia properties. Protein deficiency increased the bone fluoride concentration and reduced the bone mineral content (BMC) especially at the proximal or growing end which contains mainly cancellous bone. Fluoride administration
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A roentgenologic study of a human population exposed to high-fluoride domestic water; a ten-year study
As shown in Table 1, a limited number of participants from both Bartlett and Cameron showed some degree of roentgenographic bone change but, in general, these changes were minimal. There was a larger number with no observable change in the ten-year interval, a fact disregarded or unreported in most fluoride
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Bone mineral density of the spine and femur in early postmenopausal Turkish women with endemic skeletal fluorosis
The aim of this prospective, comparative study was to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) changes in a group of early postmenopausal Turkish women with endemic skeletal fluorosis and to study effects of endemic fluorosis on BMD. Bone mineral density of L2-L4 vertebra, femur neck, femur trochanter, and Ward's triangle were measured in 45
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Fluoride intake and cortical and trabecular bone characteristics in adolescents at age 17: A prospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between period-specific and cumulative fluoride (F) intakes from birth to age 17 years, and radial and tibial bone measures obtained using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). METHODS: Participants (n = 380) were recruited from hospitals at birth and continued their participation in the ongoing Iowa Fluoride Study/Iowa Bone Development
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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