Abstract
Data indicating a more rapid increase in cancer death rate in fluoridated than in nonfluoridated cities were analyzed to determine to what extent the net increase observed in fluoridated cities could be attributed to age, race or sex. Between 1952-1969, no significant fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate could be observed in populations 0-24 and 25-44 yr of age. In populations 45-64 yr of age, a fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate of 15/100,000 population was observed (P < .02); in populations 65+ yr of age, an increase of 35/100,000 was observed (P < .05). The fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate could not be ascribed to changes in the racial or sex compositions of the fluoridated and nonfluoridated populations.
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A current restatement and continuing reappraisal concerning demographic variables in American time-trend studies on water fluoridation and human cancer
This article reviews an important phase of the debate concerning a striking association between artificial fluoridation of public water supplies and increased crude cancer death rates in large central cities of the United States from 1940 through 1968. The authors believe that this association reveals a causal relationship between water
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Fluoride-induced genotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells: effect of buthionine sulfoximine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine.
A significant level of reactive oxygen species generation was observed in sodium fluoride (NaF) treated mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs). Reduced glutathione (GSH) as a free radical scavenger could be an important determining factor in F-induced genotoxicity. We therefore attempted to monitor GSH to understand the mechanism of NaF-induced genotoxicity.
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Effects of different concentrations of fluoride in oral mucosal cells in albino rats
INTRODUCTION: Fluoride has been described to be physiologically essential for the normal development and growth of human beings. However, it is well known that excessive fluoride causes skeletal, nonskeletal and dental complications. Therefore, outlining the cytogenetic effects induced by fluorosis is necessary. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cytomorphology of exfoliated oral mucosal
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Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Fluoride in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies)
CASRN: 7681-49-4 Chemical Formula: NaF Molecular Weight: 41.99 Report Date: December 1990 Sodium fluoride is a white, crystalline, water-soluble powder used in municipal water fluoridation systems, in various dental products, and in a variety of industrial applications. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted with F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex by incorporating
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Review of the Bartlett-Cameron survey: a ten year fluoride study.
Analysis of the data produced the following conclusions: 1. As was expected, dental fluorosis was significantly greater in Bartlett than in Cameron (all of the participants born and in continuous residence in Bartlett during the tooth formative period exhibited positive evidence of dental fluorosis). 2. The incidence of cardiovascular disease was higher
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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