Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To address the role of fluoride in causing defects to spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa. METHODS: Male rabbits were treated with 10 mg NaF/kg body weight daily for 18 months and maintained under identical laboratory conditions along with the control rabbits not given NaF. Testis and epididymis (caput) were investigated for ultrastructural details of spermatids and spermatozoa. RESULTS: A wide variety of structural defects were observed in the flagellum, the acrosome, and the nucleus of the spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa of fluoride-treated rabbits. Abnormalities included absence of outer microtubules, complete absence of axonemes, structural and numeric aberrations of outer dense fibers, breakdown of the fibrous sheath, and structural defects in the mitochondria of the middle piece of the flagellum. Detachment and peeling off of the acrosome from the flat surfaces of the nucleus were also observed. CONCLUSION: The abnormalities observed render the sperm nonfunctional and ineffective, and thus there is a possible role of fluoride in causing infertility.
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Microdose vasal injection of sodium fluoride in the rat
A single microdose (50 micrograms/50 microL) injection of sodium fluoride (NaF) into the vasa deferentia of adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) caused arrest of spermatogenesis and absence of spermatozoa in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules of the testes, which consequently led to a decline in the sperm count
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Suppression of male reproduction in rats after exposure to sodium fluoride during early stages of development
Sodium fluoride (NaF), a widespread natural pollutant was given to sperm-positive female rats throughout gestation and lactation at a dose of 4.5 and 9.0 ppm via drinking water. The neonates were allowed to grow up to 90 days on tap water, and then sperm parameters, testicular steroidogenic marker enzyme activity
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Fluoride exposure changed the structure and the function of sperm in the testis and epididymis of male rats.
This study systematically investigated the effects of fluoride ion (F)exposure on the male reproductive organ and on spermatogenesis. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups of 10 and treated with 0 or 150 mg F/L in drinking water. After 70 days, the body weight, organ coefficients of the testis
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Impact of 12-week ingestion of sodium fluoride on aggression, sexual behavior, and fertility in adult male rats
Ingestion of sodium fluoride at 100 and 300 ppm in drinking water for 12 weeks by adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated for effects on territorial aggression, sexual behavior, and fertility. Body weight and absolute and relative testes weights were not affected, but the average weights of epididymis, ventral prostate,
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NaF may disturb male fertility in rodents
An increase in the potential for lipoperoxidation in the rat testis and a decrease in rodents fertility by NaF has been reported (Pinto et al., 1997, Pharm. Toxicol., 80, III, 117; Chinoy et al., 1992, J. Environ. Biol 13, 55). However, other authors described that spermatogenesis in the rat is
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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