Abstract
The maturation stage of enamel development is characterized by a cyclic modulation of the ameloblasts between bands of smooth-ended cells and longer bands of ruffle-ended cells. There are cyclic patterns of calcein staining of and 45Ca uptake in the enamel associated with this cellular modulation. Rats were given 0, 75, 100, or 150 ppm fluoride in their drinking water. Fluoride disrupted the cyclic patterns of the maturation stage, resulting in fewer bands of smooth-ended ameloblasts, fewer calcein-stained stripes, and fewer cycles of 45Ca uptake. When animals were given water containing 0 ppm fluoride following ingestion of water containing 100 ppm fluoride, the pattern of calcein staining returned to that of the control enamel. The disruption of the cyclic patterns in the maturation stage and the increased protein content of maturation enamel seem to be among the early events in the development of fluorosis.
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Histone acetyltransferase promotes fluoride toxicity in LS8 cells.
Highlights Fluoride activates histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in enamel organ-derived LS8 cells. HAT inhibitors suppressed fluoride-mediated acetylation of p53 and cell toxicity. Modulation of HAT activity may be a potential target to mitigate fluoride toxicity. Previously we demonstrated that fluoride increased acetylated-p53 (Ac-p53) in LS8 cells that are derived from mouse enamel
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The effect of fluoride on the immature enamel matrix protein of the rat.
Fluoride in drinking water decreased the total quantity of enamel matrix protein formed in rat incisors and altered the relative proportions of individual amino acids of the matrix.
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Altered phosphorylation of rat dentine phosphoproteins by fluoride in vivo.
Dentine phosphoproteins have been proposed to have an important role in mineralization. This study focused on the influence of fluoride on the biochemical composition of dentine phosphoproteins and attempts to relate changes to the altered mineralization witnessed during fluorosis. Wistar rats were rendered fluorotic by the administration of 20 ppm
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ENAM Gene Variation in Students Exposed to Different Fluoride Concentrations.
The ENAM gene is important in the formation of tooth enamel; an alteration can affect the lengthening of the crystals, and the thickness in enamel. The objective was to determine the presence of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs12640848 of the ENAM gene in students exposed to different concentrations of
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Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology.
This review aims at discussing the pathogenesis of enamel fluorosis in relation to a putative linkage among ameloblastic activities, secreted enamel matrix proteins and multiple proteases, growing enamel crystals, and fluid composition, including calcium and fluoride ions. Fluoride is the most important caries-preventive agent in dentistry. In the last two
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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Diagnostic Criteria for Dental Fluorosis: The TSIF ("Total Surface Index of Fluorosis")
The traditional criteria (the "Dean Index") for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by H. Trendley Dean. While the Dean Index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis -- including the CDC's national surveys of fluorosis in the United States -- dental
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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Dental Fluorosis in the U.S. 1950-2004
Before the widespread use of fluoride in dentistry, dental fluorosis was rarely found in western countries. Today, with virtually every toothpaste now containing fluoride, and most U.S. water supplies containing fluoride chemicals, dental fluorosis rates have reached unprecedented levels. In the 1950s, it was estimated that only 10% of children in
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