Abstract
Our previous studies showed that excessive fluoride (F) ingestion seriously damaged the nonspecific immune function in rabbits. However, the underlying mechanisms of the F-induced damage to the immune system are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether F induces thymus apoptosis in female rats and its underlying mechanisms by monitoring ultrastructural changes and DNA fragmentation. The results showed that excessive F induced ultrastructural changes and significantly increased the tail length and tailing ratio in thymus lymphocytes. Protein (Pr) supplementation markedly decreased the tailing ratio in thymus lymphocytes in the case of malnutrition. Furthermore, molecular analysis showed that excessive F ingestion significantly up-regulated the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA, whereas Pr and calcium (Ca) supplementation down-regulated the expression levels induced by excessive F in the case of malnutrition. In conclusion, these results indicate that excessive F up-regulates the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA and induces thymus apoptosis in female rats. Pr and Ca play key roles in process of F-induced thymus apoptosis in malnourished female rats.
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Analysis of the roles of dietary protein and calcium in fluoride-induced changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in rat
The roles of dietary protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) levels on the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets induced by excessive fluoride (F) intake were assessed using rats that were malnourished for 120 days as a model. The CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the spleen tissue were determined by flow cytometry and
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Some characteristics of fluoride-induced cell death in rat thymocytes: cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride
Fluoride is found in the atmosphere, water, soil, coal, food, dental and industrial uses. There were some case reports concerning acute fluoride poisoning in workplaces and laboratories. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanism of fluoride-induced cell death. To study the cytotoxicity of fluoride, the effect of sodium fluoride
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Effects of malnutrition and supplemented nutrition on nonspecific immune function changes induced by fluoride in rabbits
This study was designed to investigate the protective role of protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) on effects of fluoride (F) induced in nonspecific immunological function in New Zealand rabbits fed a Pr and a Ca nutritionally deficient (malnutrition) diet. Eighty healthy 30-day-old rabbits (1.07±0.25 kg) were divided randomly into four equal groups of twenty
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The effect of nutrition on the development of endemic osteomalacia in patients with skeletal fluorosis
The aim of the study was to study the relationship between nutrition and endemic osteomalacia, resulting in bone deformation with hump back, spinal curvature and "0" legs, in persons living in high drinking water fluoride areas with skeletal fluorosis. A dietary survey was made of 30-50 families from each of
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Effects of protein and calcium supplementation on bone metabolism and thyroid function in protein and calcium deficient rabbits exposed to fluoride
This study was conducted to determine whether feeding a diet containing excess crude protein (CP) or calcium (Ca) for up to 120 days can ameliorate the effects of fluoride (F) intake on bone health and thyroid function observed in rabbits fed a CP- and Ca-deficient diet. Treatment with F increased serum bone Gla
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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Fluoride Is Not an Essential Nutrient
In the 1950s, dentists believed that fluoride was a “nutrient.” A nutrient is a vitamin or mineral that is necessary for good health. Dentists believed that fluoride ingestion during childhood was necessary for strong, healthy teeth. A “fluoride deficiency” was thus believed to cause cavities, just like a deficiency of calcium can
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Skeletal Fluorosis & Individual Variability
One of the common fallacies in the research on skeletal fluorosis is the notion that there is a uniform level of fluoride that is safe for everyone in the population. These "safety thresholds" have been expressed in terms of (a) bone fluoride content, (b) daily dose, (c) water fluoride level, (d) urinary fluoride level, and (e) blood fluoride level. The central fallacy with each of these alleged safety thresholds, however, is that they ignore the wide range of individual susceptibility in how people respond to toxic substances, including fluoride.
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Kidney Patients Are at Increased Risk of Fluoride Poisoning
It is well established that individuals with kidney disease are susceptible to suffering bone damage and other ill effects from low levels of fluoride exposure. Kidney patients are at elevated risk because when kidneys are damaged they are unable to efficiently excrete fluoride from the body. As a result, kidney patients
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Annapolis: Water Fluoridation Linked to Death of Dialysis Patient
EVENING CAPITAL (Annapolis, Maryland) November 29, 1979 Fluoride Linked to Death by Mary Ann Kryzankowicz Staff Writer Fluoride poisoning has been definitely linked to the death of a 65-year-old kidney dialysis patient who became ill during a blood cleaning process Nov 11. State Medical Examiner Dr. (illegible) Guard has ruled that Lawrence Blake, 65, of Arundel
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