Abstract
Our previous studies showed that excessive fluoride (F) ingestion seriously damaged the nonspecific immune function in rabbits. However, the underlying mechanisms of the F-induced damage to the immune system are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether F induces thymus apoptosis in female rats and its underlying mechanisms by monitoring ultrastructural changes and DNA fragmentation. The results showed that excessive F induced ultrastructural changes and significantly increased the tail length and tailing ratio in thymus lymphocytes. Protein (Pr) supplementation markedly decreased the tailing ratio in thymus lymphocytes in the case of malnutrition. Furthermore, molecular analysis showed that excessive F ingestion significantly up-regulated the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA, whereas Pr and calcium (Ca) supplementation down-regulated the expression levels induced by excessive F in the case of malnutrition. In conclusion, these results indicate that excessive F up-regulates the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA and induces thymus apoptosis in female rats. Pr and Ca play key roles in process of F-induced thymus apoptosis in malnourished female rats.
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Analysis of the roles of dietary protein and calcium in fluoride-induced changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in rat
The roles of dietary protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) levels on the changes in T-lymphocyte subsets induced by excessive fluoride (F) intake were assessed using rats that were malnourished for 120 days as a model. The CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the spleen tissue were determined by flow cytometry and
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Effects of malnutrition and supplemented nutrition on nonspecific immune function changes induced by fluoride in rabbits
This study was designed to investigate the protective role of protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) on effects of fluoride (F) induced in nonspecific immunological function in New Zealand rabbits fed a Pr and a Ca nutritionally deficient (malnutrition) diet. Eighty healthy 30-day-old rabbits (1.07±0.25 kg) were divided randomly into four equal groups of twenty
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Some characteristics of fluoride-induced cell death in rat thymocytes: cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride
Fluoride is found in the atmosphere, water, soil, coal, food, dental and industrial uses. There were some case reports concerning acute fluoride poisoning in workplaces and laboratories. However, there is limited information concerning the mechanism of fluoride-induced cell death. To study the cytotoxicity of fluoride, the effect of sodium fluoride
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The effect of nutrition on the development of endemic osteomalacia in patients with skeletal fluorosis
The aim of the study was to study the relationship between nutrition and endemic osteomalacia, resulting in bone deformation with hump back, spinal curvature and "0" legs, in persons living in high drinking water fluoride areas with skeletal fluorosis. A dietary survey was made of 30-50 families from each of
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Effect of dietary protein or calcium supplement on the expression of collagen I and dentine phosphoprotein of rats with dental fluorosis.
This study aims to assess the roles of dietary protein (Pr) and calcium (Ca) levels associated with excessive fluoride (F) intake and the impact of Pr, Ca, and F on expression of collagen I (COL I) and dentine phosphoprotein (DPP) in rat incisors. Seventy-two rats were randomly allotted to six
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