Abstract
A study was made of the effect of fluoride on oxidative stress in rats during their early stages in life. Wistar albino rats were exposed to 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride (from sodium fluoride) in drinking water during the last one week of intrauterine life and then up to ten weeks after birth. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the assays of malondialdehyde and antioxidants in brain homogenates. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the marker of extent of lipid peroxidation, was elevated in the brain of rats treated with 100 ppm fluoride but was without change in rats treated with 30 ppm fluoride. Levels of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) were elevated in 30 ppm fluoride-treated rats, while these levels decreased in 100 ppm fluoride-treated rats. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was elevated significantly in both 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride-treated rats. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activitiy in the brain increased with 30 ppm and 100 ppm fluoride, and greater elevation occurred at 30 ppm. These results suggest that fluoride enhances oxidative stress in the brain, thereby disturbing the antioxidant defense of rats. Increased oxidative stress could be one of the mediating factors in the pathogenesis of fluoride toxicity in the brain.
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Attenuating effect of Vitamin E on the deficit of learning and memory of rats with chronic fluorosis: the mechanism may involve muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
The protective role of vitamin E (Vit E) against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 10 months. Spatial learning and memory of rats were measured by the Morris water maze test; the expressions of M1 and
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain.
Highlights Reviewing the mechanism of brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis is of great significance for protecting residents in fluorosis endemic areas. Abstract This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury,
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Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that neurotoxicity of rats with chronic fluorosis may be in mechanism involved in the changed cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress.
Highlights Chronic fluorosis decreased learning and memory of rats and induced neurotoxicity. Thirteen corresponding DEGs and DAPs (cor-DEGs-DAPs) were identified. Most of cor-DEGs-DAPs were related to neurodegenerative changes and oxidative stress response The neurotoxicity by high fluoride involved in the changes in cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress. Background To reveal the
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Protective role of maize purple plant pigment against oxidative stress in fluorosis rat brain.
Excerpts 1 Introduction Given the widespread presence of fluorine in the natural environment, individuals are exposed to fluoride via food intake, inhalation, and dermal contact. Drinking water represents the largest exposure source. In particular, in highly fluoridated regions and in some developed areas that fluoridate the public water supply to reduce dental
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[Influence of free radical inducer on the level of oxidative stress in brain of rats with fluorosis].
OBJECTIVE: To study changes in content of lipid peroxide and composition of fatty acids in the brain of rats affiliated with chronic fluorosis after treatment with free radical inducer (ferric ion). METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into three groups, fed with similar fodder and varied concentrations of fluoride in drinking
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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