Abstract
Fluorides are commonly added to drinking water in the United States to decrease the incidence of dental caries. Silicofluorides, such as sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2 SiF6 ) and fluorosilicic acid (H2 SiF6 ), are mainly used for fluoridation, although fluoride salts such as sodium fluoride (NaF) are also used. Interestingly, only the toxicity of NaF has been examined and not that of the more often used silicofluorides. In the present study, the toxicities of NaF, Na2 SiF6 , and H2 SiF6 were compared. The toxicity of these fluorides on the growth, feeding, and reproduction in the alternative toxicological testing organism Caenorhabditis elegans was examined. Exposure to these compounds produced classic concentration-response toxicity profiles. Although the effects of the fluoride compounds varied among the 3 biological endpoints, no differences were found between the 3 compounds, relative to the fluoride ion concentration, in any of the assays. This suggests that silicofluorides have similar toxicity to NaF.
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Toxic effects of silicofluoridated water in chinchillas, caimans, alligators, and rats held in captivity
Two independent experiences with animals in captivity revealed a dramatic onset of severe debilitating symptoms when the nonfluoridated water supplies were changed to municipal water fluoridated with fluorosilicic acid, H2SiF6. The first group of animals, chinchillas in a small fur farm operation, quickly more than doubled their water consumption with the change to silicofluoridated
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Fluoride interferes with sperm fertilizing ability via downregulated SPAM1, ACR and PRSS21 expression in rat epididymis.
Fluoride is a widespread environmental pollutant which can induce low sperm quality and fertilizing ability, however, the underlying mechanism is still remaining unclear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the influence of fluoride on sperm fertilizing ability via some key proteins in epididymis. For this, forty adult rats were assigned randomly
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Fluoride impairs oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development in mice
The damage caused by fluorosis is permanent, and has been recognized as a public health problem in a number of regions of the world. Although multiple studies provided evidence that sodium fluoride (NaF) elicits adverse effects on reproductive function, the effect of fluoride on female germ cell development is not well understood. Therefore, the
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Impact of Prenatal and Postnatal Treatment of Sodium Fluoride and Aluminum Chloride on Some Hormonal and Sensorimotor Aspects in Rats.
In most communities, there is a constant exposure to environmental pollutants with probable negative impact on the development of the nervous system. Among these pollutants are the sodium fluoride (NaF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) which may represent a real threat to the proper functioning of the brain. This study comprises
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Fluoride-Induced Autophagy via the Regulation of Phosphorylation of Mammalian Targets of Rapamycin in Mice Leydig Cells.
Fluoride is known to impair testicular function and decrease testosterone levels, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of autophagy in fluoride-induced male reproductive toxicity using both in vivo and in vitro Leydig cell models. Using transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluorine recovery in the fertilizer industry - a review.
The fluorine compounds liberated during the acidulation of phosphate rock in the manufacture of phosphoric acid and fertilizers are now rightly regarded as a menace, and the industry is now obliged to suppress emissions of fluorine-containing vapours to within very low limits in most parts of the world. As with any pollution control operation, it is highly desirable for the operator of the fluorine scrubbing operation to find a use or market for the recovered fluorine to help defray at least partially the cost of the operation.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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