Abstract
Co-existing as environmental pollutants in certain areas of China where lead (Pb) is mined, fluoride (F) and Pb pose serious risks to the human central nervous system (CNS). Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) expression, which is involved in the process of learning and memory, has an important role in CNS functioning. Here, in order to verify whether F and/or Pb affect CaMKII expression, we determined the CaMKII expression level in the hippocampus of rats administered 150 mg sodium fluoride/L and/or 300 mg lead acetate/L in their drinking water for 30 days. Through quantitative positioning analysis by western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively, CaMKII expression levels in the F, Pb, and F plus Pb groups were found to be significantly depressed compared with controls. Interestingly, the western blotting technique, but not the immunofluorescence results indicated greater depression in the Pb group than in either the F or the F+Pb group. Overall, these findings may be helpful to gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying F and Pb combined neurotoxicity.
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Decreased learning ability and low hippocampus glutamate in offspring rats exposed to fluoride and lead.
Fluoride (F) and lead (Pb) are two common environmental pollutants which are linked to the lowered intelligence, especially for children. Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the process of learning and memory. However, the impact of F and Pb alone or
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Proteomic analysis of hippocampus in offspring male mice exposed to fluoride and lead
Fluoride and lead are two common pollutants in the environment. Previous investigations have found that high fluoride exposure can increase the lead burden. In this experiment, in order to study on the molecular mechanisms of central neural system injury induced by the above two elements, differently expressed protein spots in
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Fisetin prevents fluoride- and dexamethasone-induced oxidative damage in osteoblast and hippocampal cells
Fluoride intoxication and dexamethasone treatment produce deleterious effects in bone and brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) and dexamethasone (Dex) co-exposure on oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 and hippocampal HT22 cell lines. Co-exposure to F and Dex resulted in a
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Chronic AIF3 Administration: II. Selected Historical Observations.
Male Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups based on the concentrations of the AlF3 in the drinking water: 0.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 50 ppm, or a control solution of double-distilled, de-ionized water. Water was available ad libitum for 45 weeks. Following the behavioral studies, histological, immunohistochemical, and overall brain
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain.
Highlights Reviewing the mechanism of brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis is of great significance for protecting residents in fluorosis endemic areas. Abstract This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury,
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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