Abstract
24 recently weaned Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into 3 groups and given distilled drinking water ad libitum containing 0, 1 or 5 ppm F- (as NaF), respectively. Among the 13 animals that received the fluoridated water and survived the 2-year experimental period, 4 developed macroradiographically demonstrable resorption cavities in their femurs. Three of these animals belonged to the 1 ppm group. No resorption cavities were seen in the 6 surviving, control rats. There was no sign of tooth changes, especially no striated depigmentation of the enamel of the incisors.
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The relationship between water-borne fluoride, dental fluorosis and skeletal development in 11-15 year old Tanzanian girls
Dental fluorosis was evaluated by a classification system, previously shown to be sensitive, and skeletal changes evaluated by bone maturity and structure. Dental fluorosis was more severe in posterior than in anterior teeth in both jaws irrespective of fluoride concentration of the drinking water. There appeared to be no dependence between fluoride content
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Effect of fluoride ions on apatite crystal formation in rat hard tissues.
Fluoride is widely believed to be a useful chemical substance for preventing dental caries. However, the mechanism underlying crystal perforation in the tooth enamel and the effect of fluoride on hard tissues are unclear. To clarify the mechanism of the biological action of fluoride in the mineralization process, we examined
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Experimental chronic fluorine intoxication: Effect on bones and teeth
Chronic fluorine intoxication of puppies produced extensive systemic changes of the bones and developing teeth. The intensity depended upon the age of the animal, the dose, and the duration of the administration of sodium fluoride. In puppies fed exclusively the milk of their fluorine-poisoned mother, changes of the bones were
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Distribution of fluoride in calcified cartilage of a fluoride-treated osteoporotic patient
Subchondral bone and calcified cartilage from a femoral head of a 74-year-old osteoporotic woman treated for 30 months with sodium fluoride were analyzed. The fluoride content of the calcified tissues was determined by a specific ion electrode, and the topographic distribution pattern of fluoride was determined with an electron microprobe. The fluoride content in calcified cartilage (0.39% of
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Effects of fluoride toxicity on animals, plants, and soil health: a review.
Substantial multi-disciplinary efforts have been made to investigate the effects of environmental fluoride ion (F) pollution since the last century. The chronic ingestion of high doses of F may adversely affect human health by causing skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, bone fractures, the formation of kidney stones, decreased birth rates, weakening
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Dental Fluorosis Impacts Dentin in Addition to Enamel
Dental fluorosis is a mineralization defect of tooth enamel marked by increased subsurface porosity. The enamel, however, is not the only component of teeth that is effected. As several studies have demonstrated, dental fluorosis can also impair the mineralization of dentin as well. As noted in one review: "The fact that
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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"Mild" Dental Fluorosis: Perceptions & Psychological Impact
The vast majority of research has found that patients, parents, and the general public alike view mild fluorosis (TF score 3) as a significant blemish of the teeth, one that is likely to embarrass the affected child to a degree that cosmetic treatment would be warranted.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Moderate/Severe Dental Fluorosis
In its "moderate" and severe forms, fluoride causes a marked increase in the porosity of the enamel. After eruption into mouth, the porous enamel of moderate to severe fluorosis readily takes up stain, creating permanent brown and black discolorations of the teeth. In addition to extensive staining, teeth with moderate to severe fluorosis are more prone to attrition and wear - leading to pitting, chipping, and decay.
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