Abstract
Male albino mice were treated at 48-hr intervals with cypermethrin and sodium fluoride (NaF), separately and in combination, for 15 and 30 days with 1/10th of the single LD50 dosage of cypermethrin and NaF for individual administration by oral gavage (i.e., 8.5 mg/kg bw and 5.6 mg/kg bw, respectively) and 1/20th of the single dose of LD50 of cypermethrin and NaF for combined administration (i.e., 4.25 mg/kg bw and 2.8 mg/kg bw, respectively). Separate or combined treatment resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body, testis, and epididymis weights, along with histopathological changes in the testis, especially after 30 days. The changes were greater in combination than separately, possibly because of a synergistic effect of cypermethrin and NaF.
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Sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide affected male reproduction by disturbing blood-testis barrier in mice
Fluoride and sulfur dioxide (SO2), two well-known environmental toxicants, have been implicated to have adverse effects on male reproductive health in humans and animals. The objective of this study to investigate if the BTB is one of the pathways that lead to reproductive toxicity of sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide
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Combination of fluoride and endosulfan induced teratogenicity and developmental toxicity in Swiss albino mice exposed during organogenesis.
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the teratogenic and developmental toxicity of fluoride and endosulfan alone and in combination in pregnant Swiss albino mice exposed during the organogenetic period (5-14 days) of gestation. Fluoride (25.1 mg/kg body weight in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg/kg bw by oral intubation) when
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Effect of deltamethrin and fluoride co-exposure on the brain antioxidant status and cholinesterase activity in Wistar rats
The study evaluated the effect of commercial preparation of deltamethrin, Butox®, and fluoride (F-) co-exposure on the brain antioxidant status and cholinesterase activity in rats. Group A was untreated. Group B was gavaged Butox®, providing deltamethrin at the dose rate of 1.28 mg per kg body weight per day. Group
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Co-exposure to fluoride and arsenic disrupts intestinal flora balance and induces testicular autophagy in offspring rats.
Highlights F and As exposure caused an imbalance in the intestinal flora of rats. F and As exposure caused alterations in autophagic flux, which were positively correlated with SMB53 and Anaerostipes. F and As exposure caused alterations in reproductive hormones, which were negatively correlated with Parabacteroides. Under experimental conditions,
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Effects of fluoride and aluminum on expressions of StAR and P450scc of related steroidogenesis in guinea pigs' testis
Highlights F and Al changed histological structure of testes, reduced sperm quality. F and Al reduced StAR and P450scc expressions and level of serum testosterone. F toxicity is stronger than Al and Al weakened the toxicity of F. Al had antagonism effects on F. A lot of studies have shown
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluoride Levels and Fluoride Contamination of Fruit Juices
"Forty-three ready-to-drink fruit juices were examined for fluoride ion concentration. It was found that 42% of the samples had more than 1 ppm of fluoride. It was also determined that "pure" fruit juices, often grape juices, contained high levels of fluoride. . . . Since it is common practice to use fluoride-containing insecticide in growing grapes, it is believed that contamination of these juices is occurring."
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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