Abstract
Concerns regarding an increased risk of dental fluorosis related to ingesting fluoride-containing toothpastes by preschool children have led to recommendations to reduce the amount of toothpaste used for young children to a pea-sized amount. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on salivary fluoride levels of reducing the amount of toothpaste used in a preschool-age (4-5 years) population. Salivary fluoride concentrations were determined for 10 children whose teeth were brushed with both 0.25 g and 1.0 g of a fluoridated toothpaste on two separate days. Initial salivary fluoride levels following the use of 0.25 g of toothpaste were less than half of the salivary fluoride concentrations when 1.0 g of toothpaste was used, and levels returned to baseline more rapidly. The reduced salivary fluoride levels when less toothpaste is used may result in a reduced efficacy for caries prevention. However, any potential reduction in caries prevention may still be outweighed by the risk of increased fluoride ingestion with larger amounts of toothpaste in preschool children. The results of this study suggest that a reduction in the amount of a fluoridated toothpaste to a pea-sized amount be limited only to young children who are at risk of ingesting toothpaste.
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Fluoride Levels in Saliva and Plaque following the Use of High Fluoride and Conventional Dentifrices- a Triple Blinded Randomised Parallel Group Trial.
Context: The comparison of fluoride levels in saliva and plaque following the use of conventional, 2800 and 5000 ppm dentifrices for different time intervals up to 24 hours has not been explored. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess salivary and plaque fluoride levels at different time intervals
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A randomised oral fluoride retention study comparing intra-oral kinetics of fluoride-containing dentifrices before and after dietary acid exposure.
Highlights Fluoride can protect enamel from demineralisation and promote remineralization. A sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate/cocamidopropyl betaine dentifrice was examined. Compared to a NaF/KNO3/sodium lauryl sulphate/tetrasodium pyrophosphate dentifrice. Greater salivary fluoride/calcium ion concentration found with the test dentifrice. Formulation excipients may impact fluoride and calcium ion oral cavity retention. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory,
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Fluoride metabolism and fluorosis.
OBJECTIVES: This paper is primarily concerned with the only proven risk associated with water fluoridation: enamel fluorosis. Its purpose is to review current methods of measuring enamel fluorosis, its aetiology and metabolism. A further objective is to identify risk factors to reduce the prevalence of enamel fluorosis and employ methods
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Randomised study of intra-oral kinetics of fluoride-containing toothpastes.
Objectives: This randomised, controlled, analyst blind, crossover study aimed to evaluate and compare salivary fluoride and calcium ion concentration over 60 min following brushing with an assigned treatment and following an orange juice (OJ) or deionised (DI) water rinse 60 min post-brushing. Methods: Study treatments, both containing
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Fluoride exposure effects and dental fluorosis in children in Mexico City
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and to evaluate exposure to fluoridated products in students in the southwest part of the Federal District (Mexico City). MATERIAL AND METHODS Students between 10 and 12 years of age who were born and
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Racial Disparities in Dental Fluorosis
In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control published the results of a national survey of dental fluorosis conducted between 1999 and 2002. According to the CDC, black children in the United States have significantly higher rates of dental fluorosis than either white or Hispanic children. This was not the first time that black children were found to suffer higher rates of dental fluorosis. At least five other studies -- dating as far back as the 1960s -- have found black children in the United States are disproportionately impacted by dental fluorosis.
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Fluoride Dentrifice and Stomatitis
Statistical data of 133 patients who have been using fluoride dental cream or powder have been presented. Each has developed intraoral ulcerative lesions. Many have been treated for other complaints without clearance of the lesions. Age is not significant. Repeated insults with the fluoride dentrifices produced increasingly severe excoriations. There seems to be nothing specific about the lesions to differentiate them from other diseases of an oral nature.
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Dental Fluorosis Impacts Dentin in Addition to Enamel
Dental fluorosis is a mineralization defect of tooth enamel marked by increased subsurface porosity. The enamel, however, is not the only component of teeth that is effected. As several studies have demonstrated, dental fluorosis can also impair the mineralization of dentin as well. As noted in one review: "The fact that
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Mechanisms by Which Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis Remain Unknown
When it comes to how fluoride impacts human health, no tissue in the body has been studied more than the teeth. Yet, despite over 50 years of research, the mechanism by which fluoride causes dental fluorosis (a hypo-mineralization of the enamel that results in significant staining of the teeth) is not
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