Abstract

The acute toxicity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) was investigated in a 24-hour lethal dose study of intravenous injection in rats. The LD₅₀ and LD₉₀ were 17.4 and 23.0 mg/kg, respectively. Harmful systemic effects were also studied 1 hour after acute sublethal exposure to HFA. Rats were injected with HFA (1.6, 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6(LD₅) mg/kg) or saline. Blood samples were obtained from the carotid artery. BUN and Cr were significantly increased in response to HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. Acute glomerular dysfunction also occurred at HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. PCO₂, HCO₃^– and base excess were significantly decreased in the 6.4 and 9.6 mg/kg groups. Total and ionized calcium was significantly decreased, and potassium was increased in the 9.6 mg/kg group. Ionized fluoride exposure directly affected serum electrolytes. Mortality was thought to be due to cardiac arrhythmia resulting from hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure were severe in response to HFA exposure. Even low exposure to HFA can cause acute renal dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic acidosis. These complications result in a poor prognosis.

• Related Studies :

  • Toxicokinetics and metabolism deteriorated by acute nephrotoxicity after a single intravenous injection of hydrofluoric acid in rats

    OBJECTIVES:  This study was designed to investigate the early dynamic state of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) in blood and urine as a model of accidental occupational exposure to a subtoxic dose of HFA. It was also aimed at determining the relationship between the kinetics and harmful effects of HFA on the

  • Acute fluoride toxicity: The influence of acid-base status.

    The influence of preexisting acid-base disturbances on acute fluoride toxicity was studied in anesthetized rats. Metabolic acidosis was induced by the administration of NH4Cl and alkalosis by NaHCO3. Fluoride was infused i.v. until death occurred. One experiment involved intact animals (n = 18); another study used nephrectomized animals (n =

  • Medical aspects of excessive fluoride in a water supply

    A 10-year study of 116 persons in Bartlett and 121 in Cameron, Tex., was conducted to determine if prolonged exposure to fluoride in the water supply of Bartlett had produced detectable physiological effects. Bartlett's water contained about 8 p.p.m. F until 1952, when an experimental defluoridation unit was installed, reducing the

  • The Influence of fluoride on chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka.

    Fluoride is an element that is widely distributed in the environment. The involvement of fluoride in pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka is a much-debated topic. This study aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in drinking water in CKDu affected areas in Sri Lanka

  • Ionic plasma fluoride concentrations related to some diseases in patients from a fluoridated community

    Little data is available concerning the relationship between variations in ionic plasma fluoride (IPF) concentrations and some diseases, and that which exists is inconclusive. The effect of renal insufficiency is known best, but the relationship between IPF levels and some oedematous diseases and diabetes has hardly been studied at all

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride as a Cause of Kidney Disease in Humans

    Because the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues (with the exception of the pineal gland), there is concern that excess fluoride exposure may contribute to kidney disease - thus initiating a "vicious cycle" where the damaged kidneys increase the accumulation of fluoride, causing

  • Fluoride as a Cause of Kidney Disease in Animals

    Because the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues (with the exception of the pineal gland), there is concern that excess fluoride exposure may contribute to kidney disease - thus initiating a "vicious cycle" where the damaged kidneys increase the accumulation of fluoride, causing in

  • Fluoride & Arterial Calcification

    The major change involved with cardiovascular disease is development of atherosclerosis in critical arteries, which is partially characterized by vascular calcification. The level of coronary artery calcification is thought to be the most important indicator of future cardiovascular events. Increased arterial calcifications have frequently been reported in those with skeletal fluorosis

  • Fluoride & Arteriosclerosis

    Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, allowing efficient transfer of blood and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body. Arteriosclerosis refers to a stiffening of the arteries, including loss of elasticity. This is a slow, progressive disease that may begin early in life from damage to the

  • Fluoridation of drinking water and chronic kidney disease: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

    A fairly substantial body of research indicates that patients with chronic renal insufficiency are at an increased risk of chronic fluoride toxicity. Patients with reduced glomerular filtration rates have a decreased ability to excrete fluoride in the urine. These patients may develop skeletal fluorosis even at 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water.