Abstract
Physiologic and hygienic aspects of the absorption of inorganic fluorides are reviewed. Three basic shortcomings in fluoride research are noted: its intake into the system, assimilation, and excretion are subject to great variation between persons; in contrast to extensive biochemical advances in fluoride research, relatively little clinical data is available on how fluoride affects the human organism; and although it is one of the most reactive of all elements, it has been studied in teeth and bone, but not in other organs and tissues. Inconsistencies in data on metabolism can be attributed to wide variation in concentrations ingested with food or inhaled in air, and to individual differences in absorption and excretion. Although several authors report that in endemic areas fluorosis is not uncommon among the inhabitants, clinical details on fluorosis from drinking water as well as from industrial hazards are rare. Data concerning fluoride storage in soft tissues (including liver, kidney, brain, lung, spleen, thyroid, stomach, pancreas, muscle, skin, bladder, heart, aorta, prostate, adrenal, gall bladder, and bone marrow) are reviewed.
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Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards.
Excerpts: Summary Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to establish exposure standards for contaminants in public drinking-water systems that might cause any adverse effects on human health. These standards include the maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG), the maximum contaminant level (MCL), and the secondary
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Pathological changes in the tissues of rats (albino) and monkeys (macaca radiata) in fluorine toxicosis
1. Stomach, duodenum, small intestine, kidney, liver, spleen, skin, heart, aorta, lungs, brain, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid and parathyroid of rats and monkeys suffering from chronic fluorosis have been histologically examined. 2. Fluorine has not been found to have any effect on the heart muscle, aorta, skin and parathyroids, whereas it has
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Histological and chemical studies in man on effects of fluoride
The presence of elevated concentrations of fluorides in the atmosphere has been associated with changes in certain plants and an increase in the fluoride content of forage in certain areas in Utah. Long-term ingestion of such forage by some animals has produced changes characteristic of fluorosis in some of them.
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Studies on the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney of rats with chronic fluorosis
17 rats with chronic fluorosis induced by prolonged drinking of water containing 50 ppm fluorine and 17 rats drinking low-fluorine water served as control were used to study the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney. The findings suggest that excessive accumulation of fluorine can suppress the synthesis
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A fatality due to ingestion of hydrofluoric acid.
We report a fatal case of hydrofluoric acid (HF) ingestion with suicidal intent. Quantitation using an ion-selective electrode for fluoride in fresh bile, gastric contents, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, urine, and vitreous humor yielded 6.5, 39.0, 10.0, 6.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 4.5 ppm, respectively. In addition to the unfixed specimens,
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Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency
A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and
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Fluoride & Myocardial Damage
Structural damage to the heart resulting from fluoride toxicity has been observed in numerous human and animal studies. The general features of this damage include cloudy swelling, vacuolization or vacuolar degeneration, hemorrhages, interstitial edema, fibrous necrosis, dissolution of nuclei, and thickening of the vessel walls in the heart muscle (Basha
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Is fluoride-induced hyperthyroidism a cause of psychosis among East African immigrants to Scandinavia?
When people with a compensated fluoride-induced hypothyroidism move to a low-fluoride area, the fluoride-induced inhibition of the production of thyroid hormones ceases. In Scandinavia, the dietary intake of iodine is usually quite high due to iodized table salt and easy access to marine fish. Under these conditions, the elevated capacity for production of thyroid hormones may result in hyperthyroidism.
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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Fluoride & Electrocardiogram Abnormalities
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. An ECG can reveal heart rate, heart rhythym (i.e. steady or irregular), and the strength and timing of the heart’s natural electrical signals. ECGs are described in terms of “waves” (e.g. amplitude and duration). Problems
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