Abstract
To investigate the effects of fluoride on the expression levels of cytokines in the rat hippocampus, 60 adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats each, whose drinking water contained: (1) double distilled water (the control group); (2) 25 mg sodium fluoride (NaF)/L, (11.3 mg F/L); (3) 50 mg NaF/L, (22.6 mg F/L); and (4) 100 mg NaF/L, (45.2 mg F/L). After five months treatment, the expression levels of the cytokines TGF-B1, IL-4, IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-B gene were determined by real-time PCR, and the TGF-B1 protein levels were detected by ELISA. A significant decrease of TGF-B1 was found, in both the gene and protein levels, while no significant change occurred in the levels of IL-4, IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-a gene. Fluoride may damage the hippocampus by significantly decreasing the expression of TGF-B1 gene and protein, possibly by an unknown post-transcriptional mechanism. The study provides a new perspective for evaluating the neurotoxicity of fluoride.
-
-
Effects of perinatal fluoride exposure on the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse pups.
Highlights Maternal fluoride exposure enhanced the expressions of miR-124 and miR-132 in hippocampus of mouse offspring. Fluoride-induced decrease in CREB in mouse hippocampus could result from up-regulation of miR-124. In the feedback loop, fluoride decreased MeCP2 and increased miR-132 in the hippocampus of offspring. To investigate the effects of perinatal fluoride
-
Effect of fluoride on calcium ion concentration and expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B p65 in rat hippocampus
The study investigated the neurotoxicity of drinking water fluorosis in rat hippocampus. Just weaning male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given 15, 30, 60 mg/L NaF solution and tap water for 9 months. The calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]) in synaptosomes was measured by double wavelength fluorescence spectrophotometer and the expression level
-
Effects of chronic fluoride exposure on object recognition memory and mRNA expression of SNARE complex in hippocampus of male mice
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term fluoride exposure on object recognition memory and mRNA expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2), and syntaxin 1A) in the hippocampus of male mice. Sixty sexually matured
-
Effects of drinking water fluorosis on L-type calcium channel of hippocampal neurons in mice.
Highlights Fluoride affects calcium metabolism in mice. Fluoride significantly increases the current peak of the LTCCs. Fluoride reduces the activation voltage of LTCCs. Fluoride delays the inactivation or deactivation of LTCCs. The study aimed to investigate the effects of drinking water fluorosis on L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) in mouse hippocampal neurons.
-
Chronic AIF3 Administration: II. Selected Historical Observations.
Male Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups based on the concentrations of the AlF3 in the drinking water: 0.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 50 ppm, or a control solution of double-distilled, de-ionized water. Water was available ad libitum for 45 weeks. Following the behavioral studies, histological, immunohistochemical, and overall brain
Related Studies :
-
-
-
Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
-
Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
-
Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
-
NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
-
Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
Related FAN Content :
-