Abstract

Background: Waning controversy over fluoride and water fluoridation  is rekindling with the findings released from certain fluoride studies which reported an inverse association between fluoride exposure and intelligence.

Objective: To assess the relationship between exposure to different drinking  water fluoride levels and children’s Intelligence Quotient (IQ) among 13-15  year old school children of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh.

Methodology: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted among  the permanent residents of Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh. A total of  1000 school children aged 13-15 years were selected by stratified random  sampling from four different areas with different levels of naturally  occurring fluoride in drinking water. Raven’s standard progressive matrices  (1992 Edition) were used for assessment of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of children.

Results: Intellectually superior (Grade I) scores for individual IQ assessment were absent in all the 4 different fluoride levels. Only 0.8% of  children were present in Grade l (definitely above the average in intellectual capacity) scores except in 4th level (>4.1ppm). Number of intellectually impaired children were gradually increased with the increase in fluoride  concentration in the drinking water.

Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that overall IQ levels in children’s exposed to high fluoride level were significantly lower than the low fluoride areas.

In view of many endemic Fluorosis areas in India, it is needed that further  studies be conducted to examine the link in humans between fluoride &  disturbances of the development & function of the central nervous system.

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