Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sodium fluoride on the expression of p38MAPK signaling pathway-related genes and proteins in the spleen lymphocytes of mice, revealing the mechanism of the toxicity of fluoride to the immune system. The spleen lymphocytes, isolated from mice consuming different NaF doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) for 60 days, were cultured in medium with bacteria lipopolysaccharide, and the cells’ proliferation ability was analyzed through MTT; real-time PCR detected the change of MLK3/MKK6/p38MAPK/MSK1/ATF1 on mRNA, and the difference of protein expression of MKK6/p38MAPK were detected through the Western blotting. The results suggested that the proliferation ability of spleen lymphocytes isolated from mice consuming different NaF doses is lower, and the expression of genes and proteins of MKK6/p38MAPK showed a decreasing trend. These results demonstrate that fluoride can suppress the activation of p38MAPK pathway in mice spleen lymphocytes and further influences the function of the immune system.
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Effect of sodium fluoride on antibody formation in rabbits
In the present study, the role of sodium fluoride on antibody formation in rabbits is assessed. Sixteen female albino rabbits were divided into four groups and were treated as follows: Group I: Animals immunized with transferrin and used as controls for group II; Group II: Animals immunized with transferrin and
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Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards.
Excerpts: Summary Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to establish exposure standards for contaminants in public drinking-water systems that might cause any adverse effects on human health. These standards include the maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG), the maximum contaminant level (MCL), and the secondary
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Influence of lithium and fluoride on degranulation from human neutrophils in vitro
We have demonstrated that degranulation from normal human neutrophils in whole blood was stimulated by low concentrations of lithium salts and was produced by noncytolytic means. Significant amounts of beta-glucuronidase could be released from the primary granules, in addition to vitamin B12- binding protein from the secondary granules, by 10
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Role of IL-17 pathways in immune privilege: a RNA deep sequencing analysis of the mice testis exposure to fluoride
We sequenced RNA transcripts from the testicles of healthy male mice, divided into a control group with distilled water and two experimental groups with 50 and 100 mg/l NaF in drinking water for 56 days. Bowtie/Tophat were used to align 50-bp paired-end reads into transcripts, Cufflinks to measure the relative
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Sodium fluoride evoked histamine release from mast cells. A study of cyclic AMP levels and effects of catecholamines
Calcium triggers the secretion of histamine from mast cells after previous exposure to sodium fluoride. The secretory process can be divided into a fluoride-activation step and a calcium-induced secretory step. It was observed that the fluoride-activation step is accompanied by an elevation of cAMP levels within the cells. The attained
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Fluoride & the Immune System - Summation from the US National Research Council (2006)
“There is no question that fluoride can affect the cells involved in providing immune responses. The question is what proportion, if any, of the population consuming drinking water containing fluoride at 4.0 mg/L on a regular basis will have their immune systems compromised? Not a single epidemiologic study has investigated whether fluoride in the drinking water at 4 mg/L is associated with changes in immune function. Nor has any study examined whether a person with an immunodeficiency disease can tolerate fluoride ingestion from drinking water.”
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Is the Ingestion of Fluoride an Immunosuppressive Practice?
This paper records several observations which suggest that habitual ingestion of small doses of fluoride, even as small as the 1 mg/L contained in fluoridated water, may decrease the function of the immune system.
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Does Fluoride Ingestion Affect Developing Immune System Cells?
Considerations, supported by some published experimental evidence, suggest that fluoride released during the resorption of high-fluoride bone may produce detrimental effects not only on bone cells but on developing cells of the immune system.
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