Abstract
We sequenced RNA transcripts from the testicles of healthy male mice, divided into a control group with distilled water and two experimental groups with 50 and 100 mg/l NaF in drinking water for 56 days. Bowtie/Tophat were used to align 50-bp paired-end reads into transcripts, Cufflinks to measure the relative abundance of each transcript and IPA to analyze RNA-Sequencing data. In the 100 mg/l NaF-treated group, four pathways related to IL-17, TGF- and other cellular growth factor pathways were overexpressed. The mRNA expression of IL-17RA, IL-17RC, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3 and MAPKAPK2, monitored by qRT-PCR, increased remarkably in the 100 mg/L NaF group and coincided with the result of RNA-Sequencing. Fluoride exposure could disrupt spermatogenesis and testicles in male mice by influencing many signaling pathways and genes, which work on the immune signal transduction and cellular metabolism. The high expression of the IL-17 signal pathway was a response to the invasion of the testicular immune system due to extracellular fluoride. The PI3-kinase/AKT, MAPKs and the cytokines in TGF- family were contributed to control the IL-17 pathway activation and maintain the immune privilege and spermatogenesis. All the findings provided new ideas for further molecular researches of fluorosis on the reproduction and immune response mechanism.
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Fluoride-elicited developmental testicular toxicity in rats: roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response
Long-term excessive fluoride intake is known to be toxic and can damage a variety of organs and tissues in the human body. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride-induced male reproductive toxicity are not well understood. In this study, we used a rat model to simulate the situations of human exposure
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Fluoride exposure alters the ultra-structure of sperm flagellum via reducing key protein expressions in testis.
Highlights Fluoride damaged the typical “9 + 2" microtubule structure of sperm flagellum. Fluoride reduced AKAP3 and AKAP4 expressions related to fibrous sheathes formation. CFAP43, CFAP44 and HYDIN expressions in sperm axoneme were down-regulated by fluoride. Fluoride did not affect Dnah1, Eno4, Spef2, Spag6, Spag16, and Cfap69 expressions in testes. Excessive
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Vitamin C and E supplementation can ameliorate NaF mediated testicular and spermatozoal DNA damages in adult Wistar rats.
Objective: Present study was designed to explore the efficacy of vitamin C and E (VC&VE) against fluoride mediated testicular, epididymal and spermatozoal anomalies. Materials and methods: Thirty two adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group-I was control; Group-II received sodium fluoride (NaF) at 15 mg/kg/day
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Cell cycle arrest and gene expression profiling of testis in mice exposed to fluoride
Exposure to fluoride results in low reproductive capacity; however, the mechanism underlying the impact of fluoride on male [re]productive system still remains obscure. To assess the potential toxicity in testis of mice administrated with fluoride, global genome microarray and real-time PCR were performed to detect and identify the altered transcriptions.
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Effects of high fluoride on sperm quality and testicular histology in male rats
Sixty-four forty-day old male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of thirty-two each. With one group untreated as controls, the other group was administered 150 mg NaF/L (68 ppm F–) in their drinking water to assess the effects of high fluoride on sperm quality and testicular histology at
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Is the Ingestion of Fluoride an Immunosuppressive Practice?
This paper records several observations which suggest that habitual ingestion of small doses of fluoride, even as small as the 1 mg/L contained in fluoridated water, may decrease the function of the immune system.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Does Fluoride Ingestion Affect Developing Immune System Cells?
Considerations, supported by some published experimental evidence, suggest that fluoride released during the resorption of high-fluoride bone may produce detrimental effects not only on bone cells but on developing cells of the immune system.
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