Abstract
Background:
Although community water fluoridtion (CWF) results in a range of potential contaminant exposures, little attention has been given to many of the possible impacts. A central argument for CWF is its cost-effectiveness. The U.S. Government states that $1 spent on CWF saves $38 in dental treatment costs.
Objective:
To examine the reported cost-effectiveness of CWF.
Methods:
Methods and underlying data from the primary U.S. economic evaluation of CWF are analyzed and corrected calculations are described. Other recent economic evaluations are also examined.
Results:
Recent economic evaluations of CWF contain defective estimations of both costs and benefits. Incorrect handling of dental treatment costs and flawed estimates of effectiveness lead to overestimated benefits. The real-world costs to water treatment plants and communities are not reflected.
Conclusions:
Minimal correction reduced the savings to $3 per person per year (PPPY) for a best-case scenario, but this savings is eliminated by the estimated cost of treating dental fluorosis.
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Enamel crystals of mice susceptible or resistant to dental fluorosis: an AFM study
Objective: This study aimed to assess the overall apatite crystals profile in the enamel matrix of mice susceptible (A/J strain) or resistant (129P3/J strain) to dental fluorosis through analyses by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Material and Methods: Samples from the enamel matrix in the early stages of secretion and maturation were obtained
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The use of urinary fluoride excretion to facilitate monitoring fluoride intake: A systematic scoping review.
BACKGROUND: As a recognised effective and economical agent for dental caries prevention, fluoride has been used in many different fluoridation schemes implemented across the world. Considering the narrow ‘dose-gap’ between the benefit of caries reduction and the risk of dental fluorosis, it is recommended that fluoride intake is monitored by
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Relationship between fluorine in drinking water and dental health of residents in some large cities in China.
In this project, the relationship between fluorine content in drinking water and dental health of residents in some large cities in China was evaluated. The concentration of fluorine in tap water and in urine of local subjects of 28 cities and 4 high fluorine villages in China shows a strong
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Skeletal development and dental fluorosis in 12--14-year-old Danish girls from a fluoride and a non-fluoride community
The present study has examined the relationship between waterborne fluoride, dental fluorosis and skeletal maturity in two Danish areas containing less than 0.2 and 2.4 parts/10(6) F- in the drinking water. 12--14-year-old girls, 113 from the non-F- area and 122 from the F- area, born and raised in the areas,
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Effect of power bleaching on the fluorosis stained anterior teeth case series
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