Abstract

This review focuses on fluorosis and iodine deficiency disorders, two serious, highly prevalent metabolic disorders that are under-reported. These are caused by the two elements of the halogen family, fluorine and iodine. The former in excess and the latter in deficiency are the cause for concern. Excess fluoride (F–) consumption through untreated groundwater was the main reason for fluorosis and defluoridation of water was the focus to provide safe water with F– < 1.0 mg/l. On the other hand, iodine deficiency in diet was due to agricultural crops grown in iodine-deficient soil, and iodization of cooking salt was identified as the way forward to attain iodine sufficiency (i.e. 15 ppm in iodized salt). The two diseases are addessed through structured national programmes, but the implementation unfortunately is in a compartmentalized manner. The major issue is that both F– excess and iodine deficiency caused goitre. Besides, other disorders identical in clinical manifestations, also occur. This review discusses the issues to address the diseases with better understanding that has emerged from the scientific information available for correct diagnosis and management of patients in an integrated manner.

• Related Studies :

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    Objective: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of fluoride and iodine in drinking water on children's dental fluorosis and thyroid function. Methods: According to different concentration of fluoride and iodine in drinking water, four villages in two counties of Henan province were classified as high fluoride and iodine, high fluoride,

  • Long-term effects of various iodine and fluorine doses on the thyroid and fluorosis in mice

    OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the participation of the independent and combined long term effect of various concentrations of iodine and fluorine on the pathogenesis of goiter and fluorosis in mice. METHODS: Nine drinking water supplies with different iodine and fluorine content were prepared by combination of potassium iodate and sodium fluoride solutions in bidistilled

  • The effects of high levels of fluoride and iodine on intellectual ability and the metabolism of fluoride and iodine.

    The authors carried out a study on the intellectual abilities and fluoride/iodine metabolism of children living in a high fluoride-high iodine area. Among the results: the percentage of the general population living in this fluoride/iodine-contaminated region that suffered from goiter (clinical thyroid enlargement) was 3.8%, the rate of children already showing some thyroid

  • Goitre in school girls of the Mewat area of Haryana

    A survey was carried out on 5449 school girls aged 10-16 years in the Mewat area of Haryana for goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was nearly 29.5%. Thus goitre was a public health problem in the region. Analysis of the water sources in the study population used for drinking

  • [A preliminary approach to the relationship of both endemic goiter and fluorosis in the valley of Manasi River, Xin-Jiang to environmental geochemistry].

    According to the geographical features of the inland basins and the motion law by which a variety of chemical elements move along the rivers and deposit in the bottom of the basins in Xinjiang,the author made a series of investigations to find out the effects of the factors of environmental

• Related FAN Content :

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