Abstract
Fluoride can induce neurotoxicity, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explored the role of autophagy in F–-induced neurotoxicity of Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (distilled water containing less than 0.1 mg/L F–) and three NaF-treated groups (F– was respectively administered at 25, 50, and 100 mg/L orally via drinking water). The water maze experiment showed that NaF exposure impaired the learning capabilities of the rats. When compared with the control group, the mean escape latency of the rats in the 100 mg/L F– group was much longer (P?<?0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NaF exposure induced autophagy, as shown by the significant increase of Beclin-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region and DG region. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal neurons. With the increase of F– concentration, the ultrastructural abnormalities of hippocampal neurons increased. These results indicate that fluoride can impair the learning ability of rats, which may be related to the induction of autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Systematic impacts of fluoride exposure on the metabolomics of rats.
Highlights The risk of chronic endemic fluorosis exists in many countries and regions. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis was used to study the effects of fluoride. Multivariate statistics were used to detect metabolite profile changes. Fluoride exposure caused amino acid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism disorders. Fluoride exposure caused oxidative stress,
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Effects of fluoride on microtubule ultrastructure and expression of TubB1a and TubB2a in mouse hippocampus
Axonal and dendrictic degenerations were observed in non-skeleton fluorosis as the neurological manifestations. Microtubules, composed of the assembled tubulin dimers, are the essential cytoskeleton of axon and dendron. However, the effect of fluoride (F) on microtubules status and tubulin dimer expression in central nerves system remains largely unknown. In this
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Effects of fluoride on neurotransmitters in brain regions of rats exposed to fluoride in drinking water for two months
Fluoride has long been known as an environmental pollutant. Toxic neurological effects of fluoride have been reported in experimental animals by oral exposure to fluoride, but effects on neural transmitters are not clear. Adult male rats were administered fluoride via their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm (as fluoride
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Fluoride exposure during pregnancy and lactation triggers oxidative stress and molecular changes in hippocampus of offspring rats.
Highlights Fluoride exposure indirectly increased the levels of F in the offspring's plasma. Fluorine exposure promoted biochemical imbalance in the offspring's hippocampus. The 10 mgF/L and 50 mgF/L groups showed an overexpression of the neurotrophin BDNF. In exposed groups modulation of the proteomic profile of the offspring. Proteins associated
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Fisetin prevents fluoride- and dexamethasone-induced oxidative damage in osteoblast and hippocampal cells
Fluoride intoxication and dexamethasone treatment produce deleterious effects in bone and brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) and dexamethasone (Dex) co-exposure on oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 and hippocampal HT22 cell lines. Co-exposure to F and Dex resulted in a
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
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