Abstract
To investigate the effects of fluoride exposure on the microglialmorphology and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex of mice, thirty-six ICR male mice were randomly divided into groups and given different doses of sodium fluoride (0, 25, and 50 mg/L NaF). After 50 days, the microglialmorphology and the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1B (IL-1B),transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In our results, the degeneration of pyramidal cells and glial cells was one of the most obvious pathological changes in the fluoride-exposed brains. Compared to the control group, the number of ramified, intermediate, and amoeboid microglia was significantly elevated in the NaF treatment groups. Additionally, the ELISA results showed that 50 mg/L NaF dramatically increased the expression of IL-6, IL-1B, TGF-B,and TNF-a when compared to the control group. These findings suggest that NaF can promote morphological changes of activated microglia and the release of inflammatory factors in the cortex, which may be one of the mechanisms of fluoride-induced nerve damage.
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The cognitive impairment and risk factors of the older people living in high fluorosis areas: DKK1 need attention.
Objective To evaluate cognitive impairment and risk factors of elders in high fluoride drinking water areas and investigate whether DKK1 is involved in this disorder. Methods MoCA-B and AD-8 were used to measure the cognitive functions of 272 and 172 subjects over the age of 60 came from the high and normal fluoride drinking
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Screening of Human Proteins for Fluoride and Aluminum Binding.
Previous studies showed that prolonged exposure to fluoride (F-) and aluminum (Al3+) ions is associated with numerous diseases including neurological disorders. They don't have any known biological function. But they can bind with proteins that interact with ions similar to them. Such unwanted interactions affect the normal biological function of
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Protective effects of blackberry and quercetin on sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in the hepatic, renal, testis and brain tissue of male rat
BACKGROUND: Sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxication is associated with oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defense mechanism. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of blackberry and quercetin (Q) against NaF-induced oxidative stress and histological changes in liver, kidney, testis and brain tissues of rats. METHODS: The rats
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Potential Role of Fluoride in the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease.
The etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease has not been fully explained. Now, the disease is widely attributed both to genetic and environmental factors. It is believed that only a small percentage of new AD cases result solely from genetic mutations, with most cases attributed to environmental factors or to the interaction
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Correlations between fluoride concentration and free radical parameters in soft tissues of rats.
In previous studies we investigated the impact of subchronic exposure of rats to sodium fluoride administered in their drinking water as it affected selected biochemical parameters in their soft tissues and organs. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the concentrations of fluoride, reduced glutathione (GSH), substances reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), and carbonyl groups were determined in kidney,
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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