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    Both exposure to fluoride and iodine deficiency during early development can lead to disturbed thyroid hormone metabolism and produce the same spectrum of developmental disorders including short stature, bone deformities, cognitive impairment, delayed dental eruption, and dental fluorosis. The levels of creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride experienced by pregnant women in areas

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    In this study, several lines of evidence are provided to show that Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity exerts vital roles in normal brain development and function and that loss of enzyme activity is implicated in neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as increased risk of cancer, metabolic, pulmonary and

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    Objective To study the effects of fluoride exposure on performance in water labyrinth and monoamine neurotransmitters of rats. Methods Forty SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups:control group,high-fluoride exposed group,medium-fluoride exposed group and low fluoride exposed group.These 4 groups of rats were exposed to different concentrations (0,5,10,20 mg/kg) of sodium

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