Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico.
METHODS: The As content was quantifed in the water supply sources for human use and its intake was estimated in Mezquital population, southern Durango. With the data obtained, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to determine the non-carcinogenic risk to develop chronic systemic effects in underweight children. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference health values estimating As exposure risk are from 0.0003 mg/kg/day (non-carcinogenic) to 1.5 mg/kg/day (carcinogenic risk).
RESULTS: The analyzed waters presented as concentrations that varied from 0.3 to 10.2 µg/L, with a mean of 7.35 µg/L (CI 95% 6.27-8.38). The exposure dose was 0.4 to 1.36, and the HQ was 1.90 to 6.48 mg/kg/day, the estimated carcinogenic risk from adults varied from 1.28 to 4.37E-4, with values of 3.74-4.37E-4 mg/kg/day in central area.
CONCLUSIONS: The children are at risk to develop chronic systemic effects due to ingestion of As from water.
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[A clinical study on the syndrome of arsenism and fluorosis].
A clinical study was made on 65 cases with the syndrome of arsenism and fluorosis (SAD) from March 1982 to August 1989. All the cases with this syndrome had drunk a well water containing arsenic 0.6 mg/L and fluorine 3.45 mg/L for a long period. The patients all had the
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Potential Co-exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride and Biomonitoring Equivalents for Mexican Children.
BACKGROUND: Mexico is included in the list of countries with concurrent arsenic and fluoride contamination in drinking water. Most of the studies have been carried out in the adult population and very few in the child population. Urinary arsenic and urinary fluoride levels have been accepted as good biomarkers of
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Fluoride exposure is associated with altered metabolism of arsenic in an adult Mexican population.
Highlights Co-occurrence of As and F was found in water and urine samples. Interactions between the exposure of As and F on arsenic metabolism in humans were found. Interaction terms show increased MAs% and decreased DMAs% and As methylation indices. F exposure may modify the As metabolism profile, in low-moderate
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Exposure to Mixtures of Pollutants in Mexican Children from Marginalized Urban Areas.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to contaminant mixtures in developing countries is an important public health issue. Children are identified as the most susceptible group to adverse health effects due to the exposure. BACKGROUND: Exposure to contaminant mixtures in developing countries is an important public health issue. Children are identified as the most susceptible group
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Effect of arsenic and/or fluoride gestational exposure on renal autophagy in offspring mice.
Highlights The exposure of fluoride and arsenic in the mother rats induced the autophagy in the kidney of the offspring mice. Under the experimental conditions, the combination of As and F showed certain antagonistic effects. The expression of autophagy negative regulator p62 is increased, which may be due to autophagic
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Fluoridated Water Causes Severe Dental Fluorosis in Children with Diabetes Insipidus
This section on Diabetes includes: • Fluoride & Impaired Glucose Tolerance • Fluoride & Insulin • Fluoride Sensitivity Among Diabetics • Fluoridated Water Causes Severe Dental Fluorosis in Children with Diabetes Insipidus • NRC (2006): Fluoride’s Effect on Glucose Metabolism Excessive exposure to fluoride causes a defect of the tooth enamel known as dental fluorosis. In
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Unheeded Warnings: Government Health Authorities Ignore Fluoride Risk for Kidney Patients
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Skeletal Fluorosis & Individual Variability
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
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