Abstract
A major public health concern in Mexico is the natural contamination of groundwater with fluoride and arsenic. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the magnitude of human health risk after determining fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater samples (n = 50) from the Metropolitan area of the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Fluoride levels in water were determined via a potentiometric method using an ion-selective electrode. Arsenic concentrations in water samples were determined with an Atomic Absorption technique. Subsequently, a probabilistic health risk assessment was developed (Monte Carlo Analysis). Fluoride levels in water ranged from 0.20 to 3.50 mg/L. For arsenic, the mean level found in the assessed water samples was 15.5 ± 5.50 ?g/L (range: 2.50-30.0 ?g/L). In addition, when the probabilistic health risk assessment was completed, a mean HI (cumulative hazardous index) of higher than 1 was detected, indicating a high NCR (non-carcinogenic risk) for children and adults. According to the results found in this study, exposure protection campaigns are imperative in the Metropolitan area of the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, to successfully diminish exposure to arsenic and fluoride and, as a consequence, decrease the NCR in the population living in that region of Mexico.
*Original abstract online at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33070268/
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Combined effect of arsenic and fluoride at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain: Alterations in stress marker and apoptotic gene expression.
Highlights Arsenic and fluoride are the most common hazardous contaminant in the environment. Histological anomalies and alteration of oxidative stress parameters were evident. Stress responsive and apoptotic genes showed less pronounced effects upon co-exposure. DNA ladder was found in both individual treatment, not in combined. Elemental analysis and as3mt
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Inflammatory responses induced by fluoride and arsenic at toxic concentration in rabbit aorta.
Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the atherogenic effects of environmental toxicant arsenic and fluoride. Inflammatory mechanism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic exposure to arsenic and fluoride alone or combined on inflammatory response
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Co-occurrence, possible origin, and health-risk assessment of arsenic and fluoride in drinking water sources in Mexico: Geographical data visualization.
Highlights A groundwater arsenic-fluoride concentration map highlights enrichment zones. Volcanic glass is likely a primary source of arsenic-fluoride contaminated water. Evaporation in (semi)arid areas concentrates arsenic-fluoride in aquifers The states of Durango, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas have higher exposure risk Arsenic and fluoride in drinking water present a significant challenge
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain.
Highlights Reviewing the mechanism of brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis is of great significance for protecting residents in fluorosis endemic areas. Abstract This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury,
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Effect of arsenic and/or fluoride gestational exposure on renal autophagy in offspring mice.
Highlights The exposure of fluoride and arsenic in the mother rats induced the autophagy in the kidney of the offspring mice. Under the experimental conditions, the combination of As and F showed certain antagonistic effects. The expression of autophagy negative regulator p62 is increased, which may be due to autophagic
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