http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12778184
Natl
Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1980
Aug;195:1-99.
Bioassay
of Fluometuron for Possible Carcinogenicity
(CAS No. 2164-17-2).
National Toxicology Program.
Fluometuron is a phenylurea herbicide used in agriculture
to control broad- leaved and grass weeds in cotton and
sugarcane fields. The area of
heaviest use is the Mississippi delta. Applications
of low concentrations selectively kill weeds. A bioassay
of the phenylurea herbicide fluometuron for possible
carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test
chemical in feed to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups
of 50 rats of each sex were fed diets containing 125
or 250 ppm of fluometuron for 103 weeks, and groups
of 50 mice of each sex were fed diets containing 500
or 1,000 ppm of fluometuron for 103 weeks. Matched controls
consisted of groups of 50 untreated rats and 25 untreated
mice of each sex. All surviving animals were killed
at 103 to 105 weeks. Splenomegaly
observed in rats in the subchronic studies influenced
selection of the doses for the chronic study;
however, no splenic effects were observed in the chronic
study. Mean body weights of the dosed groups of male
and female rats and mice were essentially the same as
those of the corresponding control groups. Survival
of dosed groups of rats and mice was similar to that
of the corresponding control groups. Similarities between
mean body weights and survival between dosed and control
animals in thechronic study suggest that these animals
could have tolerated higher doses. The
only possible carcinogenic effects from compound administration
were in male mice. Incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas
or adenomas in male mice were dose related, and the
incidence in the high-dose group was marginally higher
than that in the corresponding matched controls or pooled
controls from concurrent studies. Under the conditions
of this bioassay, fluometuron was not carcinogenic for
F344 rats or for female B6C3F1 mice. Equivocal
results were obtained for male B6C3F1 mice which may
have had an increased incidence of hepatocellular tumors.
Because of the equivocal findings and because
both rats and mice may have been able to tolerate higher
doses, it is concluded that additional testing of fluometuron
for carcinogenicity is warranted. Levels of Evidence
of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative Female Rats:
Negative Male Mice: Equivocal Female Mice: Negative
Synonym: 1,1-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl) urea
PMID:
12778184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
|
From Toxline at Toxnet
Veterinary
Medical Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pages 301-319, 28 references,
1985
Pathological
And Enzymatological Alteration Of The Cumulative Effect
Of Herbicide Cotoran In Rats
Arif H, Lotfy MM, Sakr EE, Nounou
AH
The enzymatic and histopathological effects of the herbicide
cotoran (2164172) were studied in 60 white albino-rats
weighing from 200 to 250 grams (g). Animals of both
sexes received a daily oral dose, by stomach tube, of
0.411g/kilogram cotoran, equal to 0.10 of the median
lethal dose for 12 continuous weeks. Blood samples were
collected from the inner canthus of the eyes of each
animal until the test period ended. Samples were used
to assess glutamic-oxaloacetic-transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase
(GPT) and cholinesterase. Some animals were sacrificed
at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after the dose period, and their
tissues were examined. Cotoran
administration affected the heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen,
and liver. By the end of the 12 week treatment,
animals exhibited hepatic necrosis,
glomerular lymphocytic aggregation, blood vessel congestion
and swollen myofibers showing granular degeneration,
prominent hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, and advanced
lesions in most of the tissues. Serum GPT of
the treated animals showed a gradual and marked significant
increase while the serum GOT was not significantly changed
except at the end of week 12, when a slight elevation
was observed. The cholinesterase
of treated rats showed a marked and significant increase
by week 5, and it continued to elevate throughout the
remainder of the exposure period. The authors conclude
that the progressive pathological and enzymological
alterations observed could be the hazard of the cumulative
effect of cotoran.
|
From Toxline at Toxnet
Med.
Zh. Uzb. (10): 65-67 1980
(10 References)
[Cytogenetic
analysis of peripheral blood in workers exposed to the
herbicide Cotoran.]
Kukunbaev RU
Dep.
Ind. Hyg., Med. Inst., Tashkent, USSR
Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes
was conducted in 44 clinically healthy agricultural
workers prior to, immediately after, and on day 40 after
termination of application of the herbicide Cotoran
(fluometuron). The concentration of Cotoran in the air
of the working zone was 4.28-10.98 mg/m3 for the sowers
and 0.64-7.4 mg/m3 for the tractor drivers (MPC for
Cotoran is 5.0 mg/m3). Immediately
after termination of Cotoran application, the frequency
of aberrant metaphases in sowers and tractor drivers
was 5.8% and 4.3%, respectively, compared with 2.5%
prior to the exposure. On day 40 after exposure, the
frequency of aberrant cells was 3.01% and 3.29%, respectively.
CAS
Registry Numbers:
2164-17-2
|
From
Toxline at Toxnet
Med.
Zh. Uzb. 2: 17-20; 1974.
Hygienic
features of labor conditions and prophylactic measures
for work with cotoran.
Plakhova AG, Vengerskaya KhYa,
Mayorova TN
PESTAB. Data on the toxicity of fluometuron is presented,
and studies of the hygienic features of the labor conditions
and prophylactic measures for work with this pesticide
are described. The oral LD50 was determined to be 810
mg/kg, and the no-effect and toxic concentrations in
the air were found to be 558 and 1,345 mg/m3. The toxic
concentration in repeated inhalation for 4 hr periods
is 250-263 mg/m3. Fluometuron has weak cumulative properties,
and it does not penetrate through the skin.
Inhibition of the cholinesterase activity, increased
leukocyte count, and pronounced thyreotropic effect
were observed in subjects exposed to fluometuron.
Analyses of air samples from different places during
the preparation of fluometuron suspension and application
during sowing revealed concentrations of 12-60 mg/m3
during the solution preparation, and lower concentrations
in the zone of respiration of the tractor driver and
sowers. The findings indicate that the solution preparation
operation must be mechanized, and that special working
clothes, gloves, and goggles should be worn during the
handling of fluometuron. Persons
exposed to this pesticide should be under medical supervision.
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15537934
J Environ Qual. 2004 Nov-Dec;33(6):2122-31.
Fluometuron
and pendimethalin runoff from strip and conventionally tilled
cotton in the southern atlantic coastal plain.
Potter TL, Truman CC, Bosch DD, Bednarz
C.
USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box
946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. tpotter@tifton.usda.gov
In the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of southern Georgia (USA),
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) acreage increased threefold in
the past decade. To more effectively protect water quality in
the region, best management practices are needed that reduce
pesticide runoff from fields in cotton production. This study
compared runoff of two herbicides, fluometuron [N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-urea]
and pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-benzenamine],
from plots in strip-tillage (ST) and conventional-tillage (CT)
management near Tifton, GA. Rainfall simulations were conducted
one day after preemergence herbicide applications to 0.0006-ha
plots and runoff from 0.15-ha plots due to natural rainfall
following preemergence pendimethalin and fluometuron and postemergence
fluometuron use was monitored. Pendimethalin runoff was greater
under CT than ST due to strong pendimethalin soil sorption and
higher erosion and runoff under CT. The highest losses, 1.3%
of applied in CT and 0.22% of applied in ST, were observed during
rainfall simulations conducted 1 DAT. Fluometuron
runoff from natural rainfall was substantially lower from ST
than from CT plots but the trend was reversed in rainfall simulations.
In all studies, fluometuron runoff was also relatively low (<1%
of applied), and on plots under natural rainfall, desmethylfluometuron
(DMF) represented about 50% of total fluometuron runoff. Fluometuron's
relatively low runoff rate appeared linked to its rapid leaching,
and high DMF detection rates in runoff support DMF inclusion
in fluometuron risk assessments. Results showed that
ST has the potential to reduce runoff of both herbicides, but
fluometuron leaching may be a ground water quality concern.
PMID: 15537934 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15488576
Chemosphere. 2004 Nov;57(8):853-62.
Laboratory assessment of atrazine and
fluometuron degradation in soils
from a constructed wetland.
Weaver MA, Zablotowicz RM, Locke MA.
USDA, ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, 141 Experiment
Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. mweaver@ars.usda.gov
Constructed wetlands offer promise for removal of nonpoint
source contaminants such as herbicides from agricultural runoff.
Laboratory studies assessed the potential of soils to degrade
and sorb atrazine and fluometuron within a recently constructed
wetland. The surface 3 cm of soil was sampled from two cells
of a Mississippi Delta constructed wetland; one shallow area
disturbed only hydrologically, and the second excavated to provide
greater water-holding capacity. The excavated area was more
acidic on average (pH 4.85 versus 5.21), but otherwise the physical
properties and general microbial enzyme activities in the two
areas were similar. Soils were treated with 84 and 68 microg
kg(-1) soil (14)C-ring labeled atrazine and fluometuron, respectively,
and incubated under either saturated (88% moisture, w:w) or
flooded (1cm standing water) conditions. Soils were sampled
over 32 days and extracted for herbicide and metabolite analysis.
Under saturated conditions, fluometuron metabolized to desmethylfluometuron
(DMF) with a half-life equal 25-27 days. However, under flooded
conditions, the half-life of fluometuron was more than 175 days.
Atrazine dissipated rapidly in saturated and flooded
soil with a half-life of approximately 23 days, but only 10%
of atrazine was mineralized to CO(2). The overall atrazine and
fluometuron dissipation rates were similar between the two cells,
but each area had a different pattern of metabolite accumulation.
The major route of atrazine dissipation was incorporation of
atrazine residues into methanol-nonextractable (soil-bound)
components, with minimal extractable metabolite accumulation.
A mixed-mode extractant (potassium phosphate:acetonitrile) recovered
greater amounts of (14)C-residues from atrazine-treated soils,
suggesting that hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxylated metabolites
was a major component of the bound residues. These
studies indicate the potential for herbicide dissipation in
wetland soils and a differential effect of flooding on the fate
of these herbicides.
PMID: 15488576 [PubMed - in process]
From
Toxline at Toxnet
Document
Number: NTIS/02550174 -
2002
Source:
Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 23,
2002
Water
Quality of the Flint River Basin, Alabama and Tennessee, 1999-2000.
Hoos AB, Garrett JW, Knight RR
Geological
Survey, Reston, VA.
Water resources investigations rept.
This document is color dependent and/or in landscape layout.
It is currently only available on CD-ROM.
The U.S. Geological Survey monitored eight stream sites in the
Flint River Basin during the period January 1999 through
May 2000, to characterize patterns in the occurrence of pesticides,
fecal-indicator bacteria, and nutrients in relation to season
and streamflow conditions and to land-use patterns. This study
is part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which
was designed to assess water quality as it relates to various
land uses. Every water sample collected from the Flint River
Basin had detectable levels of at least two pesticides; 64 percent
of the samples contained mixtures of at least five pesticides.
In general, pesticides detected most frequently and at highest
concentrations in streams corresponded to the pesticides with
the highest rates of use in the watersheds. Detections
of fluometuron, nonflurazon, and atrazine were more frequent
(by a margin of 15 percent or more) in samples from the Flint
River when compared with the frequencies of pesticide detections
at 62 agricultural stream sites across the Nation.
Order
Number: 52p
Available on CD-ROM and in paper copy. Product reproduced
from digital image. Order this product from NTIS by: phone
at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries);
fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is
located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10903118&dopt=Abstract
Chemosphere
1999 Feb;38(4):875-89
A
field study to compare performance of stainless steel research
monitoring wells with existing on-farm drinking water wells
in measuring pesticide and nitrate concentrations.
Smith CN, Payne WR Jr, Pope JD
Jr, Winkie JH, Parrish RS.
Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure
Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens,
GA 30605-2700, USA.
Existing drinking water wells are widely used
for the collection of ground water samples to evaluate chemical
contamination. A well comparison study was conducted to compare
pesticide and nitrate-N data from specially designed stainless
steel research monitoring wells with data from nearby existing
on-farm drinking water wells. Results could help to determine
whether adequate information concerning ground water contamination
can be obtained from existing drinking water wells for use in
making pollutant control decisions. The study was conducted
during 1993-1994 in the Little Coharie Watershed, a 158 square
mile area located in the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina.
Statistical analysis indicated that research monitoring wells
provided a greater probability of detecting pesticides in ground
water than existing on-farm wells. Atrazine was the most frequently
detected pesticide found in all wells, followed
in order by fluometuron, carbofuran, metolachlor, alachlor,
carbaryl, butylate, chlorothalonil, linuron and simazine. Ninety-seven
percent of all wells had observed concentrations of nitrate-N,
ranging from 0.1 to 30.1 mg/L. There was not a significant difference
between research wells and existing wells for monitoring nitrate-N.
Based on results of this study, existing drinking water wells
can be used for monitoring nitrate; however, specialized stainless
steel monitoring wells should be used for monitoring pesticides
in ground water.
PMID: 10903118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
CHEMOSPHERE; 37 (1). 1998. 87-101.
Degradation of 2,4-D and fluometuron
in cover crop residues.
ZABLOTOWICZ RM, LOCKE MA, SMEDA RJ
Southern Weed Sci. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res.
Serv., PO Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) w studied in hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and
rye (Secale cereale L.) residues. Transformation
of fluometuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea)
was also evaluated in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiforum Lam)
residues. Microflora associated with herbicide-desiccated
hairy vetch and rye residues were 100-fold or greater than soils.
Microbial activity (fluorescein hydrolysis and respiration)
were 6-fold or greater in hairy vetch and rye residues than
soil. In 14-d studies, 78 to 82% versus 28 to 40% of 14C-carboxyl-labelled
2,4-D and 48 to 60% versus 5 to 17% of 14C-ring-labelled 2,4-D
were mn in soil and crop residues, respectively. Fluometuron
can be degraded by N-demethylation in ryegrass residues at rates
similar to soil, however, high moisture content was required.
Degradation of herbicides in cover crop residues was most likely
due to limited bioavailability rather than biological activi
[abstract truncated]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7571346&dopt=Abstract
Vet Hum
Toxicol 1995 Jun;37(3):214-6
Toxicity
of cotoran (fluometuron) in Desert
sheep.
Mohamed OS, Ahmed KE, Adam SE,
Idris OF.
Veterinary Research Administration, Khartoum,
Sudan.
Twelve of fifteen 6-9-mo-old clinically healthy
Desert sheep were given single or repeated daily doses of 25
to 4000 mg cotoran/kg by drench. Cotoran poisoning was characterized
by grinding of the teeth, ruminal tympany,
mydriasis, dyspnea, staggering, paresis of the hind and forelimbs,
and recumbency. Lesions were widespread congestion and
hemorrhage, hepatic fatty change, catarrhal
enteritis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal
proximal convoluted tubules. These were accompanied by significant
increases in the activities of GOT, LDH and GGT and decreases
in serum total protein and calcium.
PMID: 7571346 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
•
Note from FAN: Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1384777&dopt=Abstract
Biull Eksp
Biol Med 1992 Mar;113(3):261-3
[Effects
of pesticide fluometuron (cotoran)
on template synthesis of RNA]
[Article in Russian]
Khamidov DKh, Mirakhmedov AK,
Sagatova GA, Azimova ShS.
The experiments on the investigation of pesticide fluometuron
(cotoran) influence on nuclease sensitivity and template activity
of rat liver chromatin were carried out. Cotoran was found to
bind specifically with non-histone proteins of chromatin. It
was shown that this pesticide considerably
decreases template activity of chromatin and its sensitivity
to the action of nucleases. It suggests, that certain
conformation changes occur in chromatin upon the action of cotoran.
PMID: 1384777 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1382691&dopt=Abstract
Biull Eksp
Biol Med 1992 Jan;113(1):40-2
[RNA
synthesis
and transport in the rat liver under the effects of pesticide
cotoran (fluometuron)]
[Article in Russian]
Khamidov DKh, Marakhmedov AK, Sagatova
GA, Azimova ShS.
The experiments on the investigation of pesticide cotoran-effect
on RNA synthesis and transport were carried out. Cotoran was
shown to destroy considerably the processes
of RNA biosynthesis in rat liver, that results in the
decrease of RNA transport from nuclei into cytoplasm. By special
experiments it was established that functional activity and
the integrity of nuclear membrane (according to the alteration
in the activity of nuclear membrane enzyme Mg2-dependent ATP-ase)
was not destroyed.
PMID: 1382691 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1803705&dopt=Abstract
Tsitologiia
1991;33(4):84-8
[The
translocation and specific binding of the pesticide fluometuron
(cotoran) with the proteins of rat liver nuclei]
[Article in Russian]
Khamidov DKh, Mirakhmedov AK, Aripdzhanov
AA, Sagatova GA, Azimova ShS.
Intracellular distribution of labeled cotoran was studied. 3H-cotoran
was shown to penetrate through the nuclear membrane to accumulate
uneventfully in the intranuclear components. An insignificant
amount of 3H-cotoran was associated with the nucleoplasm and
the outer nuclear membrane. At the same time, essential radioactivity
was observed in the proteins of the nuclear matrix (up to 30%)
and in non-histone proteins of chromatin (up to 60%). Acception
of 3H-cotoran on metaphase chromosomes of cultured cells as
well as specificity of cotoran binding with non-histone proteins
of chromatin in vivo and in vitro was studied by radioautography.
It was revealed that cotoran was translocated into the interphase
nuclei to be accepted by metaphase chromosomes of the HeLa line
cells and fibroblasts in human embryo, and specifically, in
receptor-like manner, bound to chromatin proteins.
PMID: 1803705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2527788&dopt=Abstract
Gig Sanit
1989 May;(5):7-9
No
Abstract available
[The
role of various pesticides in nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis]
[Article in Russian]
Ponomareva LA, Dimant IN, I'lina
VA, Tadzhibaeva NS.
PMID: 2527788 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
MUTAT RES 204:17-115,1988
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE, SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY
AND EXTENT OF CARCINOGENICITY AS INDICATORS OF GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENESIS
AMONG 222 CHEMICALS TESTED IN RODENTS BY THE U.S. NCI/NTP
ASHBY J, TENNANT RW
• Too many CAS Nos. to list, but
was 2164-17-2 included
From Toxline at Toxnet
EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY CONGRESS, HELSINKI, FINLAND,
JUNE 14-18, 1987. CELL DIFFER; 20 (SUPPL.). 1987.
98S.
THE ALTERATION IN CONFORMATION OF RAT
LIVER CHROMATIN UPON THE ADMINISTRATION OF FLUOMETURON AND BUTIPHOS
MIRAKHMEDOV AK, SAGATOVA G, KIMSANBAEV K, KHAKIMOVA D, AZIMOVA
S
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT PESTICIDE MICROCOCCAL
NUCLEASE RNA POLYMERASE
CAS Registry Numbers:
2164-17-2
2164-17-2
78-48-8
From Toxline at Toxnet
ENVIRON MUTAGEN 8(SUPPL 6):54,1986
RESULTS OF L5178Y MOUSE LYMPHOMA CELL
MUTAGENESIS EXPERIMENTS WITH CODED COMPOUNDS
MCGREGOR DB, BROWN A, CATTANACH P, EDWARDS
I, MCBRIDE D, CASPARY WJ
Taxonomic Name: MUS
Test Object: MAMMAL,MOUSE CELL CULTURE
Tissue Cultured: L5178Y CELLS
Cells Observed: SOMATIC CELLS
Name of Agent (CAS RN):
MICROSOMES,RAT LIVER,S9
FLUOMETURON ( 2164-17-2 )
SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE ( 151-21-3 )
5-CHLORO-O-TOLUIDINE ( 95-79-4 )
2-CHLOROETHANOL ( 107-07-3 )
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE ( 106-46-7 )
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE ( 75-27-4 )
DIMETHYL HYDROGEN PHOSPHITE ( 868-85-9 )
From Toxline at Toxnet
CYTOL GENET(ENGL ED) 19(3):61-63,1985
MUTAGENIC CONSEQUENCE OF LONG-TERM SOIL
APPLICATION OF THE HERBICIDES COTORAN AND TOLUIN
ABDULLAEV AA, SULTANOV AS, KAMILOVA RM,
AZIMOVA M
Taxonomic Name: GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM
Test Object: PLANT,COTTON
Control: NEGATIVE
Cells Observed: SOMATIC CELLS, ROOT TIPS
Name of Agent (CAS RN):
TOLUIN-TREATED SOIL ( 50563-41-2 )
COTORAN-TREATED SOIL ( 2164-17-2 )
DURATION OF PRIOR PESTICIDE APPLICATION
Assay:
Test Category: EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOMES
Specific Test/Endpoint: CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS
Test Category: MITOTIC OR MEIOTIC EFFECTS
Specific Test/Endpoint: MITOTIC INDEX
Test Category: FERTILITY AND STERILITY STUDIES
Specific Test/Endpoint: GERMINATION
Control Agent: UNTREATED SOIL
CAS Registry Numbers:
50563-41-2
2164-17-2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6860816&dopt=Abstract
Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol 1983 May;30(5):628-31
No
Abstract available
Toxicity
of fluometuron and diuron on the
intermediate snail host (Lymnea spp.) of Fasciola hepatica.
Christian FA, Tate TM.
PMID: 6860816 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6578183&dopt=Abstract
IARC Monogr
Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Hum 1983
Jan;30:245-53
No
Abstract available
Fluometuron.
PMID: 6578183 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7082878&dopt=Abstract
Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol 1982 Mar;28(3):353-7
No
Abstract available
Effects
of fluometuron on embryonic development
and hatching of Fasciola hepatica's Miracidia.
Christian FA, Tate TM.
PMID: 7082878 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6905769&dopt=Abstract
Bull Narc
1980;32(1):33-43
Herbicidal
treatments for control of Papaver somniferum L.
Horowitz M.
Fifty-five commercially available herbicides were evaluated
for possible use to destroy illicit opium poppy crops (Papaver
somniferum). In the first stage, herbicides were sprayed on
poppy plants grown in containers. The following compounds killed
poppy plants: (a) herbicides with typical foliar activity--amitrole,
bromoxynil, 2,4-D, glyphosate, ioxynil and paraquat; and (b)
herbicides with root and foliar activity--the triazines ametryn,
atrazine, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine and terbutryn; the
substituted ureas benzthiazuron, chloroxuron, diuron,
fluometuron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, neburon and
phenobenzuron; and the miscellaneous compounds karbutilate,
methazole, oxadiazon and pyrazon. Severe but sublethal injury
was caused by cycloate, EPTC, molinate, pobulate, cacodylate
+ MSMA, ethofumesate, perfluidone and phenmedipham. Abnormal
development of vegetative or reproductive parts of the plant
was induced by benefin, butralin, dinitramine, pendimethalin,
trifluralin, diphenamid, napropamide, dalapon and propham. Efficient
herbicides with negligible persistence in soil at the doses
applied were evaluated on poppy plants in the field at various
stages of growth. Small plants were severely injured by 2,4-D,
killed rapidly by bromoxynil, ioxynil, paraquat (in mixture
+ diquat), and more slowly by glyphosate and metribuzin. The
resistance to herbicides increased with the age of the poppy
plant. Severe damage with partial kill of developed plants was
obtained with bromoxynil, ioxynil, glyphosate, and paraquat
+ diquat; the last treatment produced the fastest effect.
PMID: 6905769 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=585583&dopt=Abstract
Bull Narc
1977 Jan-Mar;29(1):75-84
Herbicidal
treatments for control of Cannabis sativa L.
Horowitz M.
In order to test herbicides for the destruction of illicit stands
of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) a series of commercially available
herbicides were sprayed on glasshouse-grown plants having 2
to 6 leaves. The following herbicides caused complete kill or
severe injury to cannabis plants: (a) herbicides with root and
foliage activity--ametryn, atrazine, metribuzin, prometryn,
terbutryne, diuron, fluometuron,
linuron, methabenzthiazuron, phenobenzuron, ethofumesate, karbutilate,
methazole and oxadiazon; and (b) foliar-acting herbicides with
brief or no soil persistence--amitrole, bentazon, 2,4-D, diquat
+ paraquat, glyphosate and phenmedipham. In field experiments
herbicides of the latter group, and ioxynil, metribuzin, and
a MSMA-cacodylate mixture, caused death or severe damage to
young cannabis plants. Glyphosate, ioxynil and bentazon destroyed
developed cannabis plants. In glasshouse and field experiments
the following herbicides applied to young cannabis plants caused
marked deformations of stems, leaves and/or inflorescences:
barban, butralin, dalapon, difenzoquat, dinitramine, diphenamid,
IPC, napropamide, penoxalin, triffuralin, and U-27267.
PMID: 585583 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
J AGRIC UNIV P R; 58 (4). 1974;
473-482
Leaching of fluometuron and diuron in
a Vega Alta Soil.
LIU LC
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Leaching of diuron and fluometuron
in field lysimeters was conducted during 1971 and 1972. Diuron
and fluometuron in low concentrations leached to a maximum depth
of 36 in. The highest concentrations of both herbicides were
detected in water samples taken 1 wk after herbicide application.
The greatest quantity of diuron lost from leaching occurred
during the 1st wk of its application; fluometuron in the 2nd
wk. The leaching loss of diuron was no longer detectable 16
wk after application; fluometuron, 20 wk. The
leaching loss of diuron and fluometuron was estimated to be
3.6 and 5.5 percent, respectively, of the total application.
CAS Registry Numbers:
2164-17-2
330-54-1
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