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available from
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
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| Order
No. |
Date/Title |
Keywords/Abstract |
NTIS/02770006
29p |
2004
- Efficacy of AVAST. (trademark) Fluridone Formulation Against
Eurasian Watermilfoil and NOntarget Submersed Plants.
Authors:
Poovey AG
Skogerboe JG
Getsinger KD
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. Environmental Lab. |
Final rept.
Prepared in cooperation with Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation,
Lansing, Mi.
Experiments were conducted in a laboratory and an outdoor mesocosm
system to evaluate the liquid AVAST fluridone formulation for
control of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). In
addition, physiological assays were used to monitor plant injury
during herbicide exposure. Eurasian watermilfoil was planted
in 52-L aquaria, grown to precanopy condition (21 days) , then
dosed with 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 microng L(exp -1) active ingredient
(ai) fluridone for exposure times of 45 and 90 days. Elevated
phytoene concentrations indicated herbicide exposure in all
treated plants at 7 days after treatment (DAT). Visually, plants
did not manifest symptoms of injury from fluridone until 14
DAT. Beta-carotene concentrations suggested that fluridone disrupted
photosynthesis as soon as 7 DAT. Both formulations were effective
in controlling Eurasian watermilfoil. Biomass decreased by 90
percent at all application rates following the 45-day exposure
and decreased by 99 percent following the 90-day exposure time.
No significant differences occurred between application rates
at either exposure time. Based on these results, rates of 6,
12, and 24 microng ai L(EXP -1) fluridone were applied to Eurasian
watermilfoil and four nontarget submersed aquatic species in
an outdoor mesocosm system for a 56-day exposure time. Gradual
herbicide dissipation in the mesocosms resulted in half-lives
ranging from 23 to 24 days. Again, the AVAST fluridone formulation
was effective in controlling Eurasian watermilfoil. Biomass
was reduced by >85 percent at all doses compared to the untreated
reference. The AVAST formulation did not significantly decrease
biomass from wild celery (Vallisneria americana) and Illinois
pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis) at any application rate.
Biomass levels from elodea (Elodea canadensis) and sago pondweed
(Stuckenia pectinata) were reduced at 12 and 24 microng
ai L(EXP -1). |
| NTIS/03360022
8p |
2002
- Response of Eurasian Watermilfoil to Integrated Fluridone-Fungal
Pathogen Treatment.
Authors:
Nelson LS
Shearer JF
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. Engineer Research and Development Center. |
Technical
note.
This technical note describes laboratory investigations conducted
to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5
3- (TRIFLUOROMETHYL) PHENYL-4(1H)-pyridinone) and the fungal
pathogen Mt (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski),
applied alone and in combination with one another, against Eurasian
watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.). Results of this research
will demonstrate the potential for integrating chemical and
biological control tactics to improve the long-term management
of nuisance aquatic weed species. |
NTIS/00550062
146p |
2002
- Treatments to Selectively Control Eurasian Watermilfoil
in Burr Pond and Lake Hortonia, Vermont.
Authors:
Getsinger KD
Stewart RM
Madsen JD
Way AS
Owens CS
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. Environmental Lab. |
Final rept.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota State Univ., Mankato,
MN; Dyntel Corp., Vicksburg, MS; ASI Corp., Lewisville, TX;
Vermont Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Waterbury, VT;
and SePRO Corp., Carmel, IN.
One method of selectively managing the invasive submersed plant
Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Eurasian watermilfoil) in northern
lakes is totreat the entire water body with low doses (6 to
8 micrograms/L) of the herbicide fluridone 1-methyl-3-phenyl-
5-(3-(trifluromethyl) -(phenyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone). A 3-year
study (1999-2001) was conducted at Burr Pond and Lake Hortonia,
Vermont, to determine whether submersed plant diversity and
frequency ofoccurrence were impacted by whole-lake, low-dose
fluridone applications in the year of treatment, and beyond,
when targeting for control of M. spicatum. Bathymetric maps
of both lakes were developed using fathometers and global positioning
system techniques in May 2000, which was matched with thermocline
data (29 May 2000 - Lake Hortonia only) to determine the amount
of herbicide required to achieve the target concentration (6
micrograms/L of fluridone) in each lake. On 4 June 2000, Burr
Pond (34.5 ha; average depth, 4.4 m) and Lake Hortonia (195
ha; average depth, 5.8 m |
NTIS/OTS0545240
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006702 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: A PILOT REPRODUCTION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
IN DUTCH-BELTED RABBITS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92 |
Fluridone
(CAS# 59756-60-4) was evaluated for developmental toxicity.
Five, 4, 4, 5, and 5 Dutch-Belted pregnant rabbits were administered
0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg/day of the test material,
respectively, by oral gavage on days 6-18 of gestation. One
rabbit in each of the 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg/day groups
aborted and were killed. A dose-related reduction in food
consumption was observed at 500 mg/kg/day and above. A weight
gain reduction was observed at 750 mg/kg/day and above. The
incidence of abortions was increased at 500 mg/kg/day and
above. The rabbits that aborted also had an increase in resorption
occurrence. No fetal external abnormalities were observed.
Keywords:
ELI LILLY & CO
FLURIDONE
HEALTH EFFECTS
REPRODUCTION/FERTILITY EFFECTS |
NTIS/OTS0544933
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006096 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: ACUTE RAT INHALATION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
& ETHALFLURALIN WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-03-92
|
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE & ETHALFLURALIN
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
55283-68-6
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0544660
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006003 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: ACUTE INHALATION RAT STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
AND 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENOXY ACETIC ACID WITH COVER LETTER DATED
08-03-92 AND ATTACHMENT |
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE AND 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLPHENOXY ACETIC ACID
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
94-74-6
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0543386
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920005923 |
1992
-
INITIAL SUBMISSION: LETTER FROM ELI LILLY & CO TO USEPA
SUBMITTING RESULTS ON AN ACUTE INHALATION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
AND TRIFLURALIN IN RATS WITH ATTACHMENTS |
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
1582-09-8
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0545094
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006495 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TWO-YEAR CHRONIC DIETARY TOXICITY STUDY
WITH FLURIDONE IN RATS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92 |
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE
HEALTH EFFECTS
CHRONIC TOXICITY
COMBINED CHRONIC TOXICITY/CARCINOGENICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
ORAL
DIET
CAS Registry Numbers:
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0545186
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006587 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: A 3-MONTH ORAL TOXICITY STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
IN MICE WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92 |
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE
HEALTH EFFECTS
SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY
MAMMALS
MICE
ORAL
DIET
CAS Registry Numbers:
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0545242
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006704 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: A ONE-YEAR CHRONIC DIETARY TOXICITY STUDY
WITH FLURIDONE IN RATS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92 |
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE
HEALTH EFFECTS
CHRONIC TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
ORAL
DIET
CAS Registry Numbers:
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0544613
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920005956 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: ACUTE RAT INHALATION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE
AND TRIFLURALIN WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-03-92
|
ELI LILLY
& CO
FLURIDONE AND TRIFLURALIN
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
1582-09-8
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0543399
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920005936 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: LETTER FROM ELI LILLY & CO TO USEPA
SUBMITTING RESULTS ON AN ACUTE INHALATION STUDY WITH ETHALFLURALIN
AND FLURIDONE IN RATS WITH ATTACHMENTS |
ELI LILLY & CO
ETHALFLURALIN
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
55283-68-6
59756-60-4 |
NTIS/OTS0545086
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920006487 |
1992
- INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH 1-METHYL-3-PHENYL-5-(3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL)-4(1H)-
PYRIDINONE WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92 |
Fluridone
(CAS# 59756-60-4) was evaluated for developmental toxicity.
Thirteen, 15, 15, and thirteen Dutch-Belted pregnant rabbits
were administered the test material by oral gavage at 0, 125,
300, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively, on gestation days 6-18.4Four
of 15 rabbits at 300 mg/kg/day and 8/13 at 750 mg/kg/day aborted
and/or died prior to gestation day 28. A dose-related decrease
in food consumption was observed at 300 and 750 mg/kg/day and
a significant decrease in body weight occurred at 750 mg/kg/day.
Increased resorption was observed at 300 mg/kg/day and above.
No differences were observed in reproduction parameters or incidences,
fetal viability, sex or weight. No treatment-related effects
at the 125 mg/kg/day dose level and it was the no-effect level.
Keywords:
ELI LILLY & CO |
NTIS/DE93040423
170 p |
1992
- Guntersville Reservoir Herbicide
Monitoring Survey, 1990.
Authors:
Rodgers JH
Dunn A
Robison R
Author
Address: Mississippi Univ., University. Dept. of Biology.
|
The primary
objective of this study was to monitor herbicide residues in
water, sediment, fish, mollusks, and plant tissue in conjunction
with the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) aquatic plant management
program of 1990 for Guntersville Reservoir. This program was
initiated in response to growths of the nonnative and problematic
submersed aquatic plant species, Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum
spicatum, and was part of a joint agency program of TVA and
the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station.
The herbicides used during this program were fluridone, 2,4
dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (dimethylamine formulation-(2,4-D
DMA)), endothall, diquat, and copper. These herbicides were
applied to critical priority treatment areas (areas that were
most affected by the presence of H. verticillata and M. spicatum
which impaired use of the water resource) during the summer
of 1990. Both pre- and post-treatment samples were collected
and analyzed by University of Mississippi personnel. |
NTIS/PB86-236544
133 p |
1986
- Considerations for Using Herbicides for Aquatic Weed Control
in Domestic Water Supplies of North Carolina,
Authors:
Langeland KA
DeMount DJ
Author
Address: North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst., Raleigh.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Crop Science. |
The purpose
was to demonstrate the feasibility of safely using herbicides
for aquatic weed control in domestic water supplies and to produce
a readily available source of public information concerning
the fate and environmental risk of diquat, endothall and fluridone
for small-area aquatic weed control in large domestic water
supply lakes. The project included a review of literature on
persistence and mammalian toxicities of the three herbicides,
a field study of their persistence in North Carolina ponds,
and a study of flow patterns and dilution rates that could affect
herbicide concentrations and movement in Lake Wheeler. Prepared
in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept.
of Crop Science. Sponsored by Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Water Resources Div. |
| NTIS/AD-A161-867/7
70p |
1985
- US Department of Agricultureorps of Engineers Cooperative
Aquatic Plant Control Research. Annual Report for FY 1983;
Chemical Control Technology.
Authors:
Van TK
Steward KK
Jones AO
Conant RD Jr
Westerdahl HE
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. |
Of the
several controlled release herbicide formulations evaluated
in FY83, two monolithic polycaprolactone fibers containing fluridone
have been found to have significant potential. These fibers,
designed to maintain herbicide-plant contact over a period of
four to six weeks, were proven effective in controlling hydrilla
(Hydrilla verticillata Royle) at 2.2 kg a.i./ha (active ingredient
per hectare) in flowing water in large outdoor aquaria. Under
the same conditions, the commercial formulation Sonar 4AS provided
no hydrilla control. Two silicate capsules of dichlobenil showed
promising results in the laboratory and were selected for evaluations
in large outdoor aquaria in which long-term control of hydrilla
regrowth was assessed. Research concerning application of glyphosate
indicated that decreasing carrier volume increased phytotoxicity
of glyphosate to waterhyacinth, mainly by enhancing herbicide
retention and penetration. A treatment of 1.7 kg a.e./ha (acid
equivalent per hectare) glyphosa [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB88-161914
36p |
1984
- Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Fluridone.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. |
The Health
and Environmental Effects Profile for fluridone was prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents
of a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health, aquatic
life and environmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Fluridone has been determined to be a systemic
toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily basis
over an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without
suffering a deleterious effect, for fluridone is .09 (mg/kg
bw/day) for oral exposure. |
NTIS/AD-A140
846/7
35p |
1984
- Growth Response of Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata
when Exposed to Continuous, Low Concentrations of Fluridone.
Authors:
Hall JF
Westerdahl HE
Stewart TJ
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. Environmental Lab. |
The objective
of this study was to determine the minimum sustained (threshold)
concentrations of fluridone required to control the growth of
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and hydrilla
(Hydrilla verticillata Royle). A diluter system was used to
deliver five different concentrations of fluridone to five sets
of four test aquaria. Another set of four reference aquaria
received only filtered well water. Each aquarium contained meristematic
cuttings of M. spicatum and H. verticillata planted in beakers
containing either a natural, fine-textured, organic substrate
or a mixed sand-peat substrate (70:30 volume). Plant injury
was assessed after 12 weeks of continuous exposure to the various
fluridone concentrations. Results of this study suggest that
the threshold fluridone concentration required to control M.
spicatum growing on both substrates was estimated to be between
10 and 20 micrograms/l. When root and shoot biomass data and
percent injury ratings were considered for H. vertici
[abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/AD-P003
607/9
5 p |
1984
- Chemical Control Technology Development: Determination of
the Fluridone Concentrationontact Time Relationship for the
Control of Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata,
Authors:
Hall JF
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS.
|
The relationship
between herbicide concentration and exposure time is a concept
which has received very little attention in regard to herbicides
registered for use in the aquatic environment. Consequently,
significant numbers of herbicide treatments each year provide
little or no control of target aquatic macrophytes. Information
concerning this herbicide concentration/contact time relationship
would not only be beneficial for static water applications,
but absolutely required for flowing water treatment of aquatic
macrophyte infestations. The greatest benefit however is that
developers of conventional and controlled-release herbicide
formulations would have much clearer guidance for identifying
treatment and release rates. The objective of this study was
to determine the effective fluridone concentration and contact
time required to control Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil)
and Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla). This article is from 'Proceedings
of the Annual Meeting, Aquatic Plant |
NTIS/AD-P003
609/5
8p |
1984
- Chemical Control Technology Development: Pilot-Scale Production
of Fibers for the Controlled Release of Fluridone,
Authors:
Dunn RL
Gibson JW
Lawler TE
Stoner WC Jr
Author
Address: Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
|
It has
been shown previously that aquatic herbicides such as diquat,
manufactured by Chevron Chemical Company, and fluridone, marketed
by Elanco, can be incorporated in polycaprolactone (PCL), a
biodegradable polymer, and fabricated into fibers. In previous
studies, the fibers gave a relatively constant release of the
herbicide for various lengths of time depending upon the herbicide
loading and fiber size. However, all of these fibrous delivery
systems were tested only in the laboratory with 5 to 10 g of
materal. To determine whether the fibrous delivery systems would
function in the field by entangling with the weeds and releasing
herbicide at that site, larger quantities of the fibrous systems
with short and long durations of herbicide release had to be
prepared. The larger quantities of fibers could then be dispersed
over 5-acre plots of weeds located in lakes, canals, and rivers
with different flow rates of water. In this manner, the ability
of the fibers to be dispersed in the field, their [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/AD-P003
606/1
8p |
1984
- Chemical Control Technology Development: The Use of Controlled
Release Fluridone Fibers for Control of Hydrilla in Flowing
Water,
Authors:
Van TK
Steward KK
Author
Address: Agricultural Research Service, Fort Lauderdale, FL.
Aquatic Plant Management Lab. 3:
|
Fluridone
(1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-(3(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4(1H)-pyridinone),
a new preemergence herbicide for use on cotton (Waldrep and
Taylor 1976), has proven effective for controlling hydrilla
(Hydrilla verticillata L. F . Royle) and several other submersed
aquatic vascular plants in relatively lentic habitats (Arnold
1979). However treatments with fluridone in flowing water have
provided poor hydrilla control, probably because the herbicide
disperses away from application sites before the necessary herbicide-plant
contact time may be achieved. This paper reports the progress
of our cooperative efforts with the Corps in developing various
controlled release (CR) herbicide formulations of fluoridone
for use in the management of submersed aquatic plants in flowing
water. This article is from 'Proceedings of the Annual Meeting,
Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (18th) Held at Raleigh,
North Carolina on 14-17 November 1983,' AD-A142 827, p104-111. |
NTIS/AD-P003
610/3
7p |
1984
- Chemical Control Technology Development: Preliminary Field
Evaluation of Controlled-Release Fluridone Fibers,
Authors:
Westerdahl HE
Getsinger K
Hall J
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS. |
The development
of controlled-release (CR) herbicide formulations requires one
to make major assumptions and decisions concerning the physical
design of the CR carrier, rates of herbicide release from the
CR carrier, herbicide concentrations and plant contact-time
relationships to achieve control, and cost-effectiveness of
the CR formulation or other benefits which make this formulation
better than the conventional formulation. The report is summary
of a preliminary small-scale field evaluation of CR fluridone
fibers, which passed all previous decision points and preliminary
laboratory testing concerning its feasibility as a new, competitive
fluridone formulation. The evaluation of CR herbicide formulations
in general requires cooperation and approval from the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) and responsible agencies prior to
initiation of field tests. The States of Florida, Louisiana,
and Washington approved of these tests and expressed interest
in the CR technology under evaluation [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A081
458/2
48p |
1979
- Evaluation of Two Fluridone Formulations for the Control
of Hydrilla in Gatun Lake, Panama Canal
Zone
Authors:
Sanders DR Sr
Theriot RF
Arnold WR
West SD
Author
Address: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg
MS |
Hydrilla
has become a significant aquatic plant problem in the Panama
Canal Zone in recent years. To combat this growing threat to
the use of Gatun Lake, fluridone, 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone,
was applied as a 4 lb/gal aqueous suspension and 5 percent pellet
at rates of 0, 0.84, 1.70, 3.36, and 6.72 kg/ha active ingredient
in 18 hydrilla test plots. Significant reduction in hydrilla
biomass occurred after 84 days in plots treated at rates of
1.70 kg/ha or greater, while insufficient control of hydrilla
occurred in plots treated at 0.84 kg/ha. Fluridone did not adversely
affect dissolved oxygen and other water quality parameters,
nor were there any noticeable disturbances of the plankton and
benthic communities. The residue levels in both the water column
and hydrosoil had decreased to less than 15 percent of the applied
compound by 56 days after application. The observed responses
were attributed to the small quantity of herbicide added to
the water column. |
