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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
NTIS reports
ACTIVITY:
Insecticide
(pyrethroid)
Note:
The unresolved isomeric mixture of this substance has the ISO common
name cyhalothrin.
CAS Name:
rel-(R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1S,3S)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Structure:
Adverse
Effects:
Ataxia
Body
Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Cholesterol
CNS
Cytotoxic
Endocrine:
Breast
Endocrine: Suspected
Disruptor
Endocrine:
Testes
Endocrine: Thyroid
Eye
Genotoxic / Clastogenic / Cytotoxic
Liver
Reproductive
Salivary
Glands
Tremors/Convulsions |
Environmental
Effects:
Highly
Toxic
to Fish, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Honeybees
Persistent
in aquatic sediment
Groundwater
pollutant |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
Yes |
US
EPA PC Code: |
128897
|
California
Chemical Code |
2297
|
US
EPA Permit Date
and Registrant: |
1988,
ICI |
European
Commission: |
Not
allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003. |
Registered
use in
(includes only a limited list of countries)
|
Australia,
Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Philippines, Portugal, UK, US
Africa:
Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar,
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda |
US
Maximum Residue Levels permitted
in food commodities
|
Lambda-cyhalothrin and its isomer Gamma-cyhalothrin
have more than 380 food tolerances, including:
Alfalfa,
Egg, Garlic, Barley, Brassica, Cattle, Corn, Cotton, Goat,
Hog, Horse, Lettuce, Milk, Onion, Peanut, Poultry, Rice,Sheep,
Sorghum, Soybean, Sugarcane, Sunflower Seeds, Tomato, Wheat
There
is a separate food additive tolerance of 0.01 ppm for residues
of Lambda-cyhalothrin
in or on all food items (other
than those already covered by a higher tolerance as a result
of use on growing crops) in food-handling
establishments where food products are held, processed, or
prepared. |
Other
Information |
Molecular
Formula: |
C23H19Cl
F3 NO3 |
Entry
Year: |
1986 |
Manufacturers: |
Syngenta,
Zeneca |
Other
Names: |
Karate,
Warrior, Charge, Excaliber, Grenade, Hallmark, Icon, Matador,
OMS 0321, PP 321, Saber, Samurai, Sentinel, Demand, ICI-A0321
|
Manufacture
site: |
UK:
Zeneca
Agrochemicals, Huddersfield |
Of
special interest: |
PAN
Data |
Material
Safety Data Sheets & Labels |
August
10, 2005 - City gets
5 more mistblowers to combat dengue. The Freeman (Cebu,
Phillipines). |
2004-2006
- US EPA CHEERS study in Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida.
This 2-year study of children's exposure to selected pesticides
and chemicals has ignited enormous controversy. Lambda-cyhalothrin
was one of 16 pesticides selected to be monitored in children
(ages 0-3 years). See FAN's
updates on this study. |
March
14, 2005: Upswing
in Lesser Used, but More Potent Pesticides in California's Central
Valley.
University of California-Berkeley researchers
have conducted a study to determine the harmful effects of pyrethroid
pesticides on aquatic organisms through sediment residues. What
they have found is a trend toward
using newer compounds that can be more toxic to aquatic life.
The team of researchers studied six pyrethroids
in three sediments taken from California’s Central Valley,
where two-thirds of the state’s cropland is found. Study
results showed acute toxicity and growth impairment in the amphipod
Hyalella azteca, a sensitive test species. Animal biomass was
roughly 38% below that of the control group when exposed to
pyrethroid levels that were one-third to one-half of the lethal
concentration. Except for permethrin, most pyrethroids would
be acutely toxic to H. azteca at concentrations only slightly
above detection limits. The six compounds
tested in order of decreasing toxicity were bifenthrin,
lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin,
esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin
and permethrin.
To
read the entire study, click here: http://www.allenpress.com/pdf/entc_24_414_966_972.pdf
|
April
1, 2004 - Canada. Proposed
Regulatory Decision Document PRDD2004-02. The end-use product,
Saber Insecticide Ear Tags (containing 10% w/w lambda-cyhalothrin),
for the control of horn and face flies on beef
and non-lactating dairy cattle, is proposed for full
registration under Section 13 of the Pest Control Products (PCP)
Regulations. This proposed regulatory decision document (PRDD)
provides a summary of data reviewed and the rationale for the
proposed full registration of this product. |
Sept
30, 2003. PFOS
/ PFOAS. September 30, 2003. Federal Register.
Candidate Chemicals for Possible
Inclusion in Future Releases of the National Report on Human
Exposure to Environmental Chemicals.
DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-- Two fluorinated pesticides were included:
Group 2
Lambda cyhalothrin and Trifluralin
|
February
27, 2003 - Canada. Proposed
Regulatory Decision. Lambda-Cyhalothrin Demand CS Insecticide.
Pest Management Regulatory Agency. |
US
Map of Pesticide Use: 1992-1995 |
April
29, 2000. UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
in the online report, "Design of a Tax or Charge Scheme
for Pesticides. " Annex C3: Overview of Pesticide Industry
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.ranks.uk.2000.htm
|
January
25, 2001 - European
Commission (EC) pesticide profile |
Registry
of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
NIOSH. |
April
2002 -
Beer in the UK: 23 organofluorine
pesticides approved for use on malting barley. Published
by the British Beer and Pubs Association and Brewing Research
International. |
2000
-
"P" is for Poison.
Update on Pesticide Use in California Schools, by
TM Olle. A report by Californians for Pesticide Reform. Also
available at: http://www.calpirg.org/healthyschools/PDFs/healthyschools.pdf
The fluorinated pesticides cited in this
report are: Benefin
(Benfluralin), Bifenthrin, Bromethalin,
Cyfluthrin, Fipronil, Fluazifop-butyl, Hydramethylnon, Lambda-cyhalothrin,
Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane), Trifluralin |
Pesticide
Profile - EXTOXNET, Cornell University. |
October
1998 - Structural
Pest Management pesticides. FAN's
compilation of information cited on fluorine and organofluorine
pesticides published in General Pest Management, Category 7A.
A Guide for Commercial Applicators. Prepared by: Carolyn Randall,
MSU Pesticide Education Program. Published by
MSU Pesticide Education
(Michigan State University). MSU
manual number: E-2048. |
Insecticide
Products - partial list |
Abstracts |
April
2000 -
Food and Drug Administration
Pesticide Residue Monitoring. - Table
3. Pesticides detectable by methods used in 1999 regulatory
monitoring. |
1997
USDA article on temperature effects. |
Brief
description of its manufacture. |
August
2001 -
IR-4: New
Products/Transitional Solution List - This
list contains brief descriptions of numerous new pest control
materials that have been introduced over the last several years.
Additionally, it contains information on some "older"
crop protection chemicals that are believed to have room for
new uses. This List includes: lambda-Cyhalothrin |
See also
Cyhalothrin
Gamma-Cyhalothrin
|
October
2001 - Glossary
of Pesticide Chemials. A listing of
pesticides subject to analysis of residues in foods and feeds
by the US Food and Drug Administration. |
Table
6-1. Trends of National Pyrethroid Use
September
2001. Draft
Toxicological Profile for Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health
Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Organofluorine pyrethroids discussed in the Profile: Bifenthrin
(Type 1), Cyfluthrin (Type 2), Cyhalothrin
(Type 2), Flucythrinate (Type 2), Flumethrin (Type
2), Fluvalinate (Type 2), Tefluthrin (Type 1).
The following 4 organofluorine pesticides
were included in a list of 11 pesticides. |
Pyrethroid |
Amounts
applied
(pounds) 1992 |
Amounts
applied
(pounds) 1997 |
Percent
change |
Bifenthrin |
116,716 |
110,246 |
-5 |
Cyfluthrin |
124,360 |
177,782 |
+43 |
lambda
Cyhalothrin |
205,329 |
321,284 |
+57 |
Tefluthrin |
238,429 |
576,865 |
+142 |
Lambda-cyhalothrin
ranked number
21 for "Most Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area
Treated)"
Rank
|
Formulation |
Method |
Area
treated (ha) |
Weight
applied (kg ai) |
21 |
Lambda-cyhalothrin |
Spray |
485,072 |
2,445 |
Ref:
April 29, 2000. UK Department for Environment, Food &
Rural Affairs in the online report, "Design of a Tax
or Charge Scheme for Pesticides. " Annex C3: Overview
of Pesticide Industry
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.ranks.uk.2000.htm
|
Table
D1: Details of Residues Exceeding non-harmonised MRLs,
including national MRLs
Surveillance sampling
Reporting country: Germany
Year of sampling: 2003
http://www.bvl.bund.de/lebensmittel/dateien/eg03-642d1_v2.pdf
|
Pesticide |
Food item |
Point of
sampling (*) |
Country
of origin |
Residue
in mg/kg |
national
MRL (mg/kg) |
Follow-up
(**) |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Kale |
O |
DE |
0.028 |
0.02 |
- |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Kale |
O |
DE |
0.092 |
0.02 |
A |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Rapeseed |
O |
DE |
0.27 |
0.02 |
- |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Spinach |
O |
DE |
0.045 |
0.02 |
A |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Spinach |
R |
DE |
0.16 |
0.02 |
A |
lambda-cyhalothrin |
Table Grapes |
O |
TR |
0.4 |
0.2 |
- |
(*)
Point of sampling in distribution: F = farmgate, R = retail,
W = wholesale, O = other
(**) A:
Administrative consequences have followed, e.g. prohibiting
for sale, prosecutions, the levying of penalties or fines |
US
Federal Register
••
Note: Due to length, the following is a partial
list. Click
here to see full list of FR entries.
|
Date
Published |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details
|
October 11, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0545 |
Pesticide
petition: 6E7077.
Proposed tolerances for Lambda-cyhalothrin and its
epimer in or on food commodity
-- pistachio at 0.05 ppm. |
August 25, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0659 |
Pesticide
Emergency Exemptions; Agency Decisions and State and Federal
Agency Crisis Declarations
• Wyoming. Specific: EPA authorized the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on barley to
control Russian wheat aphids, cereal leaf beetles, and cutworms;
April
14, 2006 to July 31, 2006. |
June 7, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP- 2006-0387 |
Pesticide
Emergency Exemptions; Agency Decisions and State and Federal Agency Crisis Declarations.
• Colorado: EPA authorized the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on barley to control Russian
wheat aphids, cereal leaf beetle, and cutworms; April 7, 2006
to July 15, 2006.
• Minnesota: Specific: EPA authorized the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on wild rice to control riceworms;
August 1, 2006 to September 10, 2006.
• Montana: Specific: EPA authorized the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on barley to control the cereal
leaf beetle, Russian wheat aphid, and cutworms; March 15,
2006 to July 30, 2006. |
April 14, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0545
|
Syngenta.
Pesticide
petition: 5F6994.
for the combined residues of the insecticide
lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer, in or on food commodity crop
groupings:
-- Cucurbit vegetables (Crop Group 9)
at 0.05 ppm
This group includes 19 commodities.
balsam apple • balsam pear • cantaloupe •
chayote, fruit • cucumber • cucumber, chinese
• cucurbits • gherkin, west indian • gourd,
edible • melon • melon, citron • muskmelon
• pumpkin • squash • squash, summer •
squash, winter • vegetable, cucurbit, group •
watermelon • waxgourd, chinese
-- grass, forage, fodder, hay (Crop
Group 17) at 9.0 ppm
This group includes 360
commodities. See http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/us.epa.commodity.groups.html
-- tuberous and corm vegetables (Crop
Subgroup 1-C) at 0.01 ppm
This subgroup includes 22
commodities.
arracacha • arrowroot • artichoke, chinese •
artichoke, jerusalem • canna, edible • cassava
• chayote root • chufa • dasheen •
ginger • leren • potato • potato culls
• potato granules flakes • potato peel, wet
• potato processed potato waste • potato, specialty
• sweet potato • tanier • turmeric •
yam bean • yam, true
-- barley, buckwheat, oat, rye, grain at 0.05
ppm
-- barley, bran at 0.2 ppm
-- oat, rye, forage at 2.0 ppm
-- barley, oat, hay at 2.0 ppm
-- barley, oat, rye, straw at 2.0 ppm
-- wild rice, grain at 1.0 ppm. |
Dec
21, 2005 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0292 |
Extension
of Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. FINAL
RULE.
•
Lambda-cyhalothrin.
EPA has authorized under FIFRA section 18 the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on barley for control of the Russian wheat aphid and cutworms
in Idaho, Colrado, Wyoming and Montana.
This regulation extends time-limited tolerances for combined
residues of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in or on barley
grain at 0.05 ppm, barley bran at 0.2 ppm, and barley hay
and straw at 2.0 ppm for an additional
3-year period. These tolerances will expire
and are revoked on December 31, 2008. Time-limited tolerances
were originally published in the Federal
Register of October 29, 1997.
•
Lambda-cyhalothrin.
EPA has authorized under FIFRA section 18 the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on alfalfa/clover/grass mixed stands for control of potato
leafhoppers in New York. This
regulation extends time-limited tolerances for combined residues
of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in or on Clover,
forage at 5.0 ppm; Clover, hay at 6.0 ppm; Grass, forage at
5.0 ppm; and Grass, hay at 6.0 ppm for
an additional 3-year period. These tolerances will
expire and are revoked on December 31, 2008. Time-limited
tolerances were originally published in the Federal Registers
of January
3, 2003 and September
3, 2003.
•
Lambda-cyhalothrin.
EPA has authorized under FIFRA section 18 the use of lambda-cyhalothrin
on wild rice for control of rice worms in Minnesota.
This regulation extends a time-limited tolerance for combined
residues of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in or on rice,
wild at 1.0 ppm for an additional
3-year period. These tolerances will expire and are
revoked on December 31, 2008. The time-limited tolerance was
originally published in the Federal Register of January
3, 2003. |
••
Note: Due to length, the above is a partial list.
Click here
to see full list of FR entries.
|
|