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Adverse Effects
ACTIVITY:
Acaricide, Insecticide (unclassified)
CAS Name:
N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-1-octanesulfonamide
Structure:
Violation:
August
22, 2001
Largest
Pesticide Penalty in New York State history
- $950,000 - against S.C. Johnson for illegally distributing
unsafe sulfluramid roach baits.
According to Attorney General Spitzer.
"This
product was marketed for home use and was labeled as
child resistant when it was not."
"... According to an EPA assessment, if a child
ingested the bait, he or she could suffer irreversible
reproductive damage, and boys could be rendered infertile."
Ref:
August 22, 2001 Press Release. Office of the New York
State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/sulfluramid.largest.fine.01.htm
|
December
9, 2002:
In a "Significant New Use Rule" - published
in the Federal Register,
EPA states:
All
pesticide products containing sulfluramid
are under a specific timeline to
be phased out by 2016. The pesticide products
that are registered are for use in a variety of enclosed
termite, ant, and roach bait stations. These products
are pre-filled and sold only in
child-resistant packaging. Products containing
sulfluramid have not been registered for food or crop
uses.
|
Reports
available from
The National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Order from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);
(703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and
email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal
Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA. |
Order
No. |
Title |
Keywords
/ Abstract |
NTIS/OTS0001378
EPA/OTS;
Doc #FYI-OTS-0701-1378 |
2001
- TR FR 3M SUBMITTING ADD'L HLTH & ENVIRONMNTL EFFECTS
STUDIES ON PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS,
WITH ATTACHMENTS AND DATED 06-28-01 |
Keywords:
[too many to list, but includes:]
3M CO
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
CAS
Registry Numbers:
754-91-6
- Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
[C8-H2-F17-N-O2-S]
1763-23-1
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
[C8-H-F17-O3-S]
4151-50-2
- Sulfluramid
[C10-H6-F17-N-O2-S]
24448-09-7
- 1-Octanesulfonamide,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-
heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-
[C11-H8-F17-N-O3-S] |
NTIS/OTS0001378
EPA/OTS;
Doc #FYI-OTS-0500-1378 |
2000
- LETTER FROM 3M CO TO USEPA RE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH
STUDIES ATTACHED & DATED 05-18-00 |
Keywords:
[too many to list, but includes:]
3M CO
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES
HEALTH EFFECTS
CAS
Registry Numbers:
307-35-7
- Perfluorooctylsulfonyl fluoride
[C8-F18-O2-S]
376-14-7
- 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-
(ethyl((heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl)amino)ethyl
ester
[C16-H14-F17-N-O4-S]
754-91-6
- Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
[C8-H2-F17-N-O2-S]
1691-99-2
-Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-
heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
[C12-H10-F17-N-O3-S]
1763-23-1
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
[C8-H-F17-O3-S]
4151-50-2
- Sulfluramid
[C10-H6-F17-N-O2-S]
24448-09-7
- 1-Octanesulfonamide,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-
heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-
[C11-H8-F17-N-O3-S]
31506-32-8
- 1-Octanesulfonamide,
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-
heptadecafluoro-N-methyl-
[C9-H4-F17-N-O2-S]
67584-51-4
- Glycine, N-ethyl-N-
((nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl)-, potassium salt
[C8-H8-F9-N-O4-S.K]
86508-42-1
- Perfluoro compounds, C5-18
[Unspecified formula] |
NTIS/OTS0001378
EPA/OTS;
Doc #FYI-OTS-0900-1378S |
2000
- SUPPORT: ADDITIONAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
STUDIES ON PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS,
WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-31-00 (SANITIZED)
|
Keywords:
[too many to list, but includes:]
3M CO
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
MONITORING
HEALTH EFFECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
CAS
Registry Numbers:
335-67-1
- Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
[C8-H-F15-O2]
355-46-4
- Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
[C6-H-F13-O3-S]
754-91-6
-
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
[C8-H2-F17-N-O2-S]
1691-99-2
- -Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-
heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
[C12-H10-F17-N-O3-S]
1763-23-1
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
[C8-H-F17-O3-S]
4151-50-2
- Sulfluramid
[C10-H6-F17-N-O2-S] |
NTIS/PB89-235121
6p |
1989
- Pesticide Fact Sheets Number 205: Sulfluramid.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
|
The
document contains up-to-date chemical information, including
a summary of the Agency's regulatory position and rationale,
on a specific pesticide or group of pesticides. A Fact
Sheet is issued after one of the following actions has
occurred: Issuance or reissuance of a registration standard,
issuance of each special review document, registration
of a significantly changed use pattern, registration of
a new chemical, or an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific chemical
or use pattern.
Keywords:
Insecticides
Pesticides
Sulfluramid
Biological accumulation |
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Feb
1;38(3):758-62.
Biotransformation of N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide
by rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) liver microsomes.
Tomy GT, Tittlemier SA, Palace VP, Budakowski
WR, Braekevelt E, Brinkworth L, Friesen K.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T
2N6, Canada. tomyg@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) liver microsomes were
incubated with N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide [N-EtPFOSA,
C8F17SO2NH(C2H5)], to examine the possibility of in vitro biotransformation
to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, C8F17SO3-) and perfluorooctanoate
(PFOA, C7F15COO-). Incubations were performed by exposing trout
liver microsomes to N-EtPFOSA at 8 degrees C in the dark. Reaction
mixtures were analyzed after incubation periods of 0, 2, 4,
8, 16, and 30 h for N-EtPFOSA, PFOS, PFOA, and perfluorooctanesulfonamide
(PFOSA, C8F17SO2NH2), a suspected intermediate. Amounts of PFOS
and PFOSA were found to increase with incubation time, but only
background levels of PFOA were detected. Three possible reaction
pathways are proposed for the conversion of N-EtPFOSA to PFOS:
(i) direct conversion of N-EtPFOSA to PFOS by deethylamination
accompanied by conversion of the sulfone group to sulfonate,
(ii) deethylation of N-EtPFOSA to PFOSA, followed by deamination
to form PFOS, and (iii) direct hydrolysis of N-EtPFOSA. These
findings represent the first report indicating a possible biotransformation
of a perfluorosulfonamide to PFOS in fish and may help to explain
the detection of PFOS, which is relatively involatile, and thus
not likely to undergo atmospheric transport, in biota from remote
regions.
PMID: 14968861 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10227829&dopt=Abstract
No
abstract available
Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol 1999 May;62(5):515-9
Risk
of intoxication with sulfluramid in a packing plant of Mirex-S.
Machado-Neto JG, Queiroz ME,
Carvalho D, Bassini AJ.
Department of Crop Protection, School of Agricultural
and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Rodovia
Carlos Tonanni, km 5, 14870-000, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
PMID: 10227829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1495031&dopt=Abstract
J Med Entomol
1992 Mar;29(2):207-15
Sulfluramid
resistance and vapor toxicity in field-collected German cockroaches
(Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
Schal C.
Department of Entomology, Cook College, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
The toxicities of Raid Max Roach Bait (sulfluramid) and COMBAT
Roach Control System (hydramethylnon) to susceptible and field-collected
German cockroaches were examined. In all field-collected strains,
a variable fraction of the population exhibited tolerance to
Raid Max. In some strains, few males were killed in the first
5 d of exposure to Raid Max and some lived for up to 123 d when
provided Raid Max only. Field-collected males that were given
access to Raid Max for only 3 h following a 45-h starvation
exhibited a 22-fold delay in mortality of 50% of the population
compared with males that were continuously exposed to Raid Max.
Males exposed to COMBAT for 3 h exhibited a similar pattern
of mortality as males continuously exposed to this bait. Field-collected
males provided COMBAT with or without rat chow exhibited identical
patterns of mortality. However, males that were offered Raid
Max along with rat chow exhibited significantly delayed mortality
compared with males given Raid Max alone. A direct comparison
of 1% hydramethylnon and sulfluramid, the active ingredients
in COMBAT and Raid Max, respectively, in rat chow showed that
physiological resistance to sulfluramid was involved; field-collected
males consumed both baits equally on the first day, but whereas
100% of the males that were fed hydramethylnon-containing chow
died within 5 d, only one of 25 males fed sulfluramid-baited
rat chow died during this period, and males continued to consume
large amounts of food. This suggested that, in the presence
of alternate foods, the effective dose of sulfluramid was diminished,
resulting in reduced mortality in males fed Raid Max.(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1495031 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1673400&dopt=Abstract
Drug Metab
Dispos 1991 Jan-Feb;19(1):205-11
Metabolism
and disposition of sulfluramid, a unique polyfluorinated insecticide,
in the rat.
Manning RO, Bruckner JV, Mispagel
ME, Bowen JM.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology,
College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
The objectives of this study were to characterize
the absorption, distribution, and elimination of sulfluramid
(N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide) and its major
metabolite, perfluorooctane sulfonamide (DESFA), in order
to assess the effect of dosage vehicle on their pharmacokinetics.
In Trial 1, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (170-240 g)
were housed in Roth-type metabolism cages. Each rat received
50 mg/kg sulfluramid po, which contained 10 microCi of [14C]
sulfluramid. Feces, urine, and expired air samples were collected
for 72 hr post-dosing. Tissue samples also were collected at
72 hr and 14C distribution determined. Eighty percent of the
radiolabel was eliminated within 72 hr, with the largest quantities
of 14C recovered in expired air (56%) and feces (25%). Less
radiolabel was recovered in urine (8%), and even smaller amounts
in tissues (5%). The highest tissue concentrations
of 14C were found in liver, kidneys, and
adrenals, with significantly more radiolabel in the kidneys,
gonads, and adrenals of the females than males. Male
Sprague-Dawley rats (250-275 g) were used in Trials 2 and 3.
In Trial 2, rats with a carotid artery cannula were given 50
mg/kg sulfluramid in a po bolus of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG)
or corn oil and blood samples were collected for 96 hr. In Trial
3, noncannulated rats were given 50 mg/kg sulfluramid po in
PEG or corn oil and blood samples were collected from the caudal
artery for 14 days. Blood samples were analyzed for sulfluramid
and DESFA by gas chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1673400 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2212234&dopt=Abstract
J Econ
Entomol 1990 Aug;83(4):1409-14
Toxicity,
sublethal effects, and performance of sulfluramid against the
German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
Appel AG, Abd-Elghafar SF.
Department of Entomology, Auburn University,
Alabama 36849-5413.
Topical and oral toxicity of sulfluramid (N-ethyl perfluorooctane
sulfonamide) were determined for the German cockroach, Blattella
germanica (L.). The topical LD50 of sulfluramid was 175.6 micrograms/g
for adult males, 117.8 micrograms/g for adult females, and 122.3
micrograms/g for gravid adult females. Ingestion increased toxicity
approximately 1.4 times for adult male B. germanica. Twenty-four
hours after topical treatment with 20 micrograms/insect sulfluramid,
the percentage of female cockroaches that dropped their oothecae
increased approximately 50% compared with controls treated with
acetone. Sulfluramid also decreased oothecal hatch of both dropped
and retained oothecae. Approximately 90% of oothecae from untreated
females hatches, whereas less than 20% hatched from females
treated with 20 micrograms/insect. Mean time for oothecal hatch
increased linearly with increasing sulfluramid concentration.
In arena studies in Ebeling choice boxes, LT50's ranged between
approximately 2.3 and 3.9 d for a 0.331 mg/cm2 deposit and a
1.5% bait, respectively. Higher concentrations of sulfluramid
were more repellent in both bait and residual formulations.
Performance index values indicated excellent potential field
efficacy. Field trials with 1.0 and 1.5% (AI) baits showed up
to a 71.3% reduction in cockroach numbers. Baits controlled
cockroaches throughout the 12-wk test.
PMID: 2212234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2331477&dopt=Abstract
Biochim Biophys
Acta 1990 Apr 26;1016(3):344-8
Perfluorooctane
sulfonamide: a structurally novel uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
Schnellmann RG, Manning RO.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College
of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
The effects of sulfluramide (N-ethylperfluorooctane
sulfonamide) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (DESFA) on isolated
rabbit renal cortical mitochondria (RCM) were examined. Sulfluramid
(1-100 microM) and DESFA (0.5-50 microM) increased state 4 respiration
of RCM respiring on pyruvate/malate or succinate in a concentration
dependent manner in the absence of a phosphate acceptor. In
addition, both sulfluramid and DESFA increased state 4 respiration
in the presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of F0F1-ATPase.
The effects of sulfluramid (200 microM), DESFA (100 microM),
and the known protonophore and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation,
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) (1
microM), on RCM proton movement were examined directly by monitoring
extramitochondrial pH and indirectly by monitoring passive mitochondrial
swelling. Immediately upon addition, DESFA and FCCP, but not
sulfluramid, dissipated the RCM proton gradient and caused RCM
to swell in solutions of NaCl or NH4Cl. These results show that
DESFA uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by acting as a protonophore.
RCM were shown to metabolize sulfluramid to DESFA which suggests
that the increase in state 4 respiration observed with sulfluramid
is due to DESFA. DESFA is unique in that
it is one of two uncouplers that does not contain a ring structure
and thus may be a useful model in the study of oxidative phosphorylation.
PMID: 2331477 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From
Toxline at Toxnet
1990
TOXICOL IN VITRO; 4 (1). 71-74.
The cellular effects
of a unique pesticide sulfluramid (N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide)
on rabbit renal proximal tubules.
SCHNELLMANN
RG
Dep.
Physiol. and Pharmacol., Coll. Veterinary Med., Univ. Georgia,
Athens, Ga. 30602, USA.
Abstract:
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The cellular effects of sulfluramid
(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulphonamide, NEPFOS) and its major
metabolite perfluorooctane sulphonamide (PFOS) were examined
using a suspension of rabbit renal proximal tubules as a model.
NEPFOS and PFOS were potent stimulators of proximal tubule basal
oxygen consumptions (QO2), with initial effects exhibited at
5-10 muM and maximal effects at 50-200 muM. The increase in
basal QO2 was ouabain insensitive, which suggests that NEPFOS
and PFOS may act by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure
of tubule suspensions to NEPFOS or PFOS concentrations of 100
muM or higher for 60 min produced tubule death, indicated by
an increase in the release of lactate dehyrogenase. The tubule
death did not appear to result from alkylation or lipid peroxidation,
since glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were unaffected.
To determine the mechanism by which NEPFOS and PFOS increased
tubule QO2, the effects of NEPFOS and PFOS on isolated renal
cortical
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2324377&dopt=Abstract
J Econ
Entomol 1990 Feb;83(1):148-52
Topical
and oral toxicity of sulfluramid, a delayed-action insecticide,
against the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).
Reid BL, Bennett GW, Barcay SJ.
Department of Entomology, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
The LD50 of sulfluramid topically applied to
2-d-old, fifth instars of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica
(L.), was estimated at 14.5 micrograms/g (95% FL = 13.7-15.4
micrograms/g). Sulfluramid was significantly
more toxic than topically applied hydramethylnon (LD50 = 29.2
[19.0-46.5] micrograms/g). Sulfluramid had delayed toxicity
but caused mortality significantly faster than hydramethylnon
after topical application. The oral LD50 against newly enclosed,
fifth instars was estimated to be 4.1 (3.9-4.4) micrograms/g;
this toxicity was significantly greater than when sulfluramid
was topically applied. Mortality caused by sulfluramid occurred
significantly more slowly in the dietary exposures than in the
topical applications. Sulfluramid at 1,000 ppm in diets was
not a feeding deterrent to nymphal B. germanica.
PMID: 2324377 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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