Return to Adverse
Effects
ACTIVITY: Propellant,
Fumigant, Insecticide, US EPA List 2 Inert (Halogenated
organic)
Structure:
Adverse
Effects:
Bone
Brain
CNS
Endocrine:
Breast
Heart
Leukemia
Lung |
Environmental
Effects:
Class
1 Ozone Depleting Substance. Lifetime
of Global Warming Potential: 45 years
Very
resistant to chemical and biological degradation and likely
to be a persistent contaminant if it reaches groundwater.
Bioconcentration in organisms is low to moderate. |
Accidental
Death:
A
4-yr-old boy, playing with an antiperspirant deodorant in
the bathtub, inhaled the propellants, 50.5% trichloromonofluoromethane
(fluorocarbon 11) and 43%
dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon
12), became deeply unconscious
with no spontaneous respiration, and no cerebral activity,
and died 5 days later.
Ref: Accidental
death of child playing with deodorant aerosol ;
Lancet; VOL 1 ISS Apr 8 1978; Letter by IG Jefferson. |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
Yes
List 2 Inert |
US
EPA PC Code: |
000013
|
California
Chemical Code |
1460
(Freon 11. Two chem codes for the same compound.)
3482 (Trichlorofluoromethane. Two
chem codes for the same compound.) |
Registered
use in
(includes only a limited list of countries)
|
"Severely
restricted"
Austria, Finland, Sweden |
Banned
in these countries: |
Thailand,
Switzerland |
Other
Information |
Molecular
Formula: |
C-Cl3-F |
Other
Names: |
Name
of Substance
Trichlorofluoromethane
Trichloromonofluoromethane
Synonyms
4-01-00-00054 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Algofrene type 1
Arcton 11
Arcton 9
BRN 1732469
CCRIS 604
CFC 11
Caswell No. 878
Chladone 11
Daiflon 11
Daiflon S 1
Dymel 11
EINECS 200-892-3
Electro-CF 11
Eskimon 11
F 11
F 11 (halocarbon)
F 11B
F-11
FC 11
FC 11 (halocarbon)
FKW 11
Fluon 11
Fluorocarbon 11
Fluorocarbon No. 11
Fluorochloroform
Fluorotrichloromethane
Fluorotrojchlorometan [Polish]
Freon 11
Freon 11A
Freon 11B
Freon HE
Freon MF
Frigen 11
Frigen 11A
Frigen S 11
Genetron 11
Genetron 11SBA
HSDB 138
Halocarbon 11
Halon 11
Isceon 131
Isotron 11
Kaltron 11
Khladon 11
Ledon 11
Methane, fluorotrichloro-
Monofluorotrichloromethane
NCI-C04637
Propellant 11
R 11
R 11 (refrigerant)
Refrigerant 11
Refrigerant R 11
Trichlorofluorocarbon
Trichloromethyl fluoride
Trichloromonofluoromethane
Ucon flurocarbon 11
Ucon refrigerant 11
Systematic Names
Methane, trichlorofluoro-
Trichlorofluoromethane |
Of
special interest: |
PAN
Bad Actor
- Carcinogen |
TOXNET
profile from Hazardous Substances Data Bank |
May
1998 - IRIS
- Integrated Risk Information System -
US EPA |
PubMed
Abstracts |
2000
US Toxic Release Inventory - Brief
summary |
Insecticide
Products - partial list |
US
EPA List of Inerts. This
substance is on List 2.
Note:
US EPA allows so-called "Inert" ingredients to be commonly
mixed with the "active" pesticidal ingredient
to create a formulated pesticide product. According
to EPA, "The term `inert' is not intended to imply
nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically
active." "Inert" ingredients include solvents,
emulsifiers, spreaders, and other substances mixed into
pesticide products to increase the effectiveness of the
active ingredients, make the product easier to apply, or
to allow several active ingredients to mix in one solution.
Both US EPA and California Department of Pesticide Regulation
require pesticide manufacturers to identify inert ingredients
in their products but do not disclose this information to
the general public because the pesticide industry considers
product formulations trade secrets, protected by law and
by the US EPA. The US EPA category of Inerts (as of September
2003):
List 1 - Of Toxicological
Concern
List 2 -
Potentially Toxic / High Priority for Testing
List
3 - Of Unknown
Toxicity
List 4A - Generally Regarded as Safe
List 4B - EPA states it has Sufficient Information to Reasonably
Conclude that the Current Use Pattern in Pesticide Products
will not Adversely Affect Public Health or the Environment
List 4 (all)
See
good report: Toxic
Secrets": "Inert" Ingredients in Pesticides
1987-1997, published by Northwest
Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides.
|
USES:
This compound is used as a solvent, chemical intermediate,
blowing agent for polyurethane foams and polymeric foams,
dry cleaning agent, aerosol propellant and in fire extinguishers.
It is also used in the manufacturing of aerosol sprays,
commercial refrigeration equipment and cleaning compounds.
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition this
compound may emit toxic fumes of F- and Cl-. It may also
emit toxic fumes of phosgene, HCl, HF acids and possibly
carbonyl halides.
Ref: National Toxicology
Program, Chemical Health & Safety Information
|
Body
Burden:
7 of 8 samples of mother's milk from
4 urban sites in US positive for trichlorfluoromethane(1).
It was detected in 4 of 8 samples of respired air
at a range of 0.007 to 0.041 ug/hr, positive subjects having
been previously occupationally exposed (laboratory technicians)(2).
[(1) Pellizzari ED et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28:
322-8 (1982) (2) Conkle JP; Arch Environ Health 30: 290-5
(1975)]
...
TWO CASES OF PHOSGENE POISONING FROM DISINTEGRATION OF FC
11 PROPELLANT AT AN OPEN FLAME IN AN ENCLOSURE /REPORTED/.
[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial
Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd
ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982. 3075]
A SPECIAL
CLASS OF CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO ABUSE BY INHALATION ARE THE
FLUOROHYDROCARBONS, SUCH AS ... TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
... THE "SNIFFING" OF SUCH AEROSOL SPRAYS IS HAZARDOUS PRACTICE.
... 110 "SUDDEN SNIFFING DEATHS" /HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED/
... IN EACH CASE THE VICTIM SPRAYED THE AEROSOL INTO A PLASTIC
BAG, INHALED THE CONTENTS, BECAME EXCITED, RAN 90 M OR SO,
COLLAPSED, & DIED. NECROPSY FINDINGS WERE LARGELY NEGATIVE.
[Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological
Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing
Co., Inc., 1975. 910]
Fluorocarbon
vapors are 4 to 5 times heavier than air. Thus
high concn tend to accumulate in low-lying areas, resulting
in hazard of inhalation of concentrated vapors, which
may be fatal. /Fluorocarbons/ [Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton
(eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes
2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY:
John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994. 1195]
Ref:
Hazardous Substances Data Base for TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Trichlorofluorometha.TOXNET.htm
|
US
Federal Register |
Date
Published |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details |
August
3, 2005 |
OPP-2005-0068 |
Inert
ingredients; Revocation of Pesticide Tolerance Exemptions
for Three CFC Chemicals. FINAL RULE.
EPA is revoking exemptions from the requirement of
a tolerance for three inert ingredients (dichlorodifluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and trichlorofluoromethane)
because these substances no longer have active Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) pesticide product registrations
and/or because their use in pesticide
products sold in the United States (U.S.) has been prohibited
under the Clean Air Act (CAA) for over a decade due to EPA's
ban on the sale or distribution, or offer for sale or distribution
in interstate commerce of certain nonessential products that
contain or are manufactured with ozone depleting compounds...
Nonetheless,
EPA will establish and maintain tolerances and tolerance exemptions
even when corresponding domestic uses are canceled if the
tolerances, which EPA refers to as ``import tolerances,''
are necessary to allow
importation into the United States of food containing such
pesticide residues.
However, where there are no imported commodities that require
these import tolerances, the Agency believes it is appropriate
to revoke tolerances and tolerance exemptions for unregistered
pesticide chemicals in order to prevent potential misuse.
40 CFR
chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
•
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
• 2. Section 180.910
is amended by removing the following exemptions and
any associated Limits and Uses from the table: Dichlorodifluoromethane,
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and Trichlorofluoromethane.
• 3. Section 180.930 is
amended by removing the following exemptions and
any associated Limits and Uses from the table: Dichlorodifluoromethane
and Trichlorofluoromethane. |
April 27,
2005 |
OPP-2005-0068 |
Inert
Ingredients; Proposal to Revoke Pesticide Tolerance.
EPA is proposing to revoke exemptions from the requirement
of a tolerance for three inert ingredients (dichlorodifluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and trichlorofluoromethane)
because these
substances are no longer in active Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) pesticide product registrations
and/or their use in pesticide products sold in the U.S. has
been prohibited under the Clean Air Act for over a decade
by EPA's ban on the sale or distribution, or offer for sale
or distribution in interstate commerce
of certain nonessential products that contain or are manufactured
with ozone depleting compounds. These ingredients are
subject to reassessment by August, 2006 under section 408(q)
of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality
Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA).
Therefore,
it is proposed that 40 CFR part 180 be amended as follows:
PART 180--AMENDED
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
Sec. 180.910 [Amended]
2. Section 180.910 is amended
by removing the following exemptions
and any associated Limits and Uses from the table:
Dichlorodifluoromethane, Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, and
Trichlorofluoromethane.
Sec. 180.930 [Amended]
3. Section 180.930 is amended
by removing the following exemptions
and any associated Limits and Uses from the table:
Dichlorodifluoromethane and Trichlorofluoromethane. |
April 28,
2004 |
OPP-2003-0368 |
Pesticides;
Tolerance Exemptions for Active and Inert Ingredients for Use
in Antimicrobial Formulations (Food-Contact Surface Sanitizing
Solutions). FINAL RULE.
--
Trichlorofluoromethane: A propellant used in pesticide formulations
applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities
after harvest; and
in pesticide
formulations applied to animals. |
June
24, 1998 |
OPP-
36192 |
US
EPA List 2 Inert; Ingredient in Pesticide Products. |
|