In March 2006, the National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC) released a landmark report on the toxicology of fluoride titled Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards.
The Table below are studies published after the NRC report.
| Year | Category | Study/Journal | Type of Study |
| 2013 | Apoptosis | Yang SY, Zhang L, Miao KK, Qian W, Zhang ZG. Effects of Selenium Intervention on Chronic Fluorosis-Induced Renal Cell Apoptosis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Apr 17. [Epub ahead of print] Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |
| 2013 | Apoptosis | Li P, Xue Y, Zhang W, Teng F, Sun Y, Qu T, Chen X, Cheng X, Song B, Luo W, Yu Q. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in odontoblasts via a JNK-dependent mechanism. Toxicology. 2013 Apr 8. Abstract |
In vitro |
| 2013 | Apoptosis, Cytotoxicity | Liu J, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Wang H, Wu B, Deng Y, Wang K. Dietary high fluorine induces apoptosis and alters Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression in the cecal tonsil lymphocytes of broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Apr;152(1):25-30. |
Animal (Chicken) |
| 2013 | Apoptosis | Li Q, Zhang SH, Yu YH, Wang LP, Guan SW, Li PF. Toxicity of sodium fluoride to Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012 Apr;25(2):216-23. |
Roundworm |
| 2013 | Apoptosis,Thyroid | Zeng Q, Cui YS, Zhang L, Fu G, Hou CC, Zhao L, Wang AG, Liu HL. [Studies of fluoride on the thyroid cell apoptosis and mechanism]. [Chinese] Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Mar;46(3):233-6. Abstract |
In vitro |
| 2013 | Apoptosis,DNA | Nguyen Ngoc TD, Son YO, Lim SS, Shi X, Kim JG, Heo JS, Choe Y, Jeon YM, Lee JC. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells through ROS-dependent and caspase- and JNK-mediated pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;259(3):329-37. Full Report |
In vitro -human cells? |
| 2011 | Apoptosis | Rocha RA, Gimeno-Alcañiz JV, Martín-Ibañez R, Canals JM, Vélez D, Devesa V. Arsenic and fluoride induce neural progenitor cell apoptosis. Toxicol Lett. 2011 Jun 24;203(3):237-44. Abstract |
In vitro |
| 2012 | Biomarker | Charone S, Bertolini MM, Gonc?alves RM, et al.Lack of a significant relationship between toenail fluoride concentrations and caries prevalence.
Fluoride 45(2):133-37. Full Report |
Human Study |
| 2013 | Brain,Thyroid | Banji D, Banji OJ, Pratusha NG, Annamalai AR. Investigation on the role of Spirulina platensis in ameliorating behavioural changes, thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress in offspring of pregnant rats exposed to fluoride. Food Chem. 2013 Sep 1;140(1-2):321-31. Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |
| 2013 | Brain | Lou DD, Guan ZZ, Liu YJ, Liu YF, Zhang KL, Pan JG, Pei JJ. The influence of chronic fluorosis on mitochondrial dynamics morphology and distribution in cortical neurons of the rat brain. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Mar;87(3):449-57. Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |
| 2012 | Brain, Kidney, Liver, Muscle | Cao J, Chen J, Wang J, Wu X, Li Y, Xie L. Tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of a freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio. Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Apr 15;130-131:68-76. Abstract |
Animal (Fish) |
| 2012 | Brain: Blood brain barrier | Shen QF, Li HN, Xu TT, Xia YP. [Damage of blood brain barrier of spinal cord in rats with chronic fluorosis]. [Article in Chinese] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Sep 4;92(33):2357-61. Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |
| 2012 | Brain | Basha PM, Sujitha NS. Combined impact of exercise and temperature in learning and memory performance of fluoride toxicated rats.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012 Dec;150(1-3):306-13. Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |
| 2012012 | Brain: IQ, Developmental, Neurotoxicity |
Choi AL, et al. 2012.Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Environmental Health Perspectives 2012 Jul 20. [Epub ahead of print] [See study] |
Human Studies |
| 2012 | Insulin | Chiba FY, Colombo NH, Shirakashi DJ, et al. 2012.NaF treatment increases TNF-a and resistin concentrations and reduces insulin signal in rats.
J Fluorine Chemistry 136: 3-7. Abstract |
Animal (Rat) |