City

Population (thousands)

Fluoridation Status

Date Instituted

New York City 7263 Artificial

1965

Los Angeles 3259 None
Chicago 3010 Artificial

1956

Houston 1729 Natural/artificial

1982

Philadelphia 1643 Artificial

1954

Detroit 1086 Artificial

1967

San Diego 1015 Discontinued 1954

1952

Dallas 1004 Artificial

1966

San Antonio 914 None
Phoenix 894 None
Baltimore 753 Artificial

1952

San Francisco 749 Artificial

1952

Indianapolis 720 Artificial

1951

San Jose 712 None
Memphis 653 Artificial

1970

Washington, D.C. 626 Artificial

1952

Jacksonville 610 Natural
Milwaukee 605 Artificial

1953

Boston 574 Artificial

1978

Columbus 566 Artificial

1973

New Orleans 554 Artificial

1974

Cleveland 536 Artificial

1956

Denver 505 Artificial

1954

El Paso 492 Natural
Seattle 486 Artificial

1969

Nashville-Davidson 474 Artificial

1953

Oklahoma City 443 Artificial

1954

Kansas City (Mo.) 441 Artificial

1981

Fort Worth 430 Artificial

1965

St. Louis 426 Artificial

1955

Sources: Bureau of the Census, National Institute of Dental Research