Part 1. FAN’s list of fluoride studies (by subject) submitted to SCHER. April 2009.

PART 1. List of fluoride studies by SUBJECT, published since 2004, and submitted to SCHER.

The following is part 1 of the submission from the Fluoride Action Network to the European Commissions’ Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) in response to their solicitation for a “Call for Information” for scientific papers, reports, etc., on fluoride and fluoridation chemicals published since 2004.

-Submitted April 26, 2009, revised May 4, 2009.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(See Part 2: Fluoride studies listed by author)

APOPTOSIS

Apoptosis: AMELOBLAST

Yan Q, Zhang Y, Li W, Denbesten PK. 2007. Micromolar fluoride alters ameloblast lineage cells in vitro. J Dent Res. 86(4):336-40. April.

Apoptosis: BRAIN CELLS

Ge Y, Ning H, Feng C, Wang H, Yan X, Wang S, Wang J. 2006. Apoptosis in brain cells of offspring rats exposed to high fluoride and low iodine. Fluoride 39(3)173-178. July-September.
ge-2006.pdf

Apoptosis: BONE

Liu K, Ma L, Yao H, Zhang Y, Li, Wang G. 2007. Fluoride-mediated apoptosis and disordering of cell cycle distributions during in vitro organ culture of mouse fetal long bones. Fluoride 40(1):19–23. January-March.
liu-2007.pdf

Yan X, Feng C, Chen Q, Li W, Wang H, Lv L, Smith GW, Wang J. 2009. Effects of sodium fluoride treatment in vitro on cell proliferation, apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA expression by neonatal rat osteoblasts. Arch Toxicol. 8:451-8

Apoptosis: GLYCOLYSIS (Possible link)

Otsuki S, Morshed SR, Chowdhury SA, Takayama F, Satoh T, Hashimoto K, Sugiyama K, Amano O, Yasui T, Yokote Y, Akahane K, Sakagami H. 2005. Possible link between glycolysis and apoptosis induced by sodium fluoride. J Dent Res. 84(10):919-923. October.

Apoptosis: ENDOMETRIAL

Guney M, Oral B, Take G, Giray SG, Mungan T. 2007. Effect of fluoride intoxication on endometrial apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in rats: role of vitamins E and C. Toxicology. 231(2- 3):215-23. March 7.

Apoptosis: HUMAN GINGIVAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

Herai M, Yaegaki K, Murata T, Sato T, Imai T, Tanaka T, Itai K. 2009. Induction of apoptosis in human gingival epithelial cells by sodium fluoride. Fluoride 42(1):3-8. January –March.
herai-2009.pdf

Apoptosis: HUMAN GINGVIVAL FIBROBLASTS

Lee JH, Jung JY, Jeong YJ, Park JH, Yang KH, Choi NK, Kim SH, Kim WJ. 2008. Involvement of both mitochondrial- and death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways regulated by Bcl-2 family in sodium fluoride-induced apoptosis of the human gingival fibroblasts. Toxicology 243:340–347. January 20.

Apoptosis: NEONATAL RAT OSTEOBLASTS

Yan X, Feng C, Chen Q, Li W, Wang H, Lv L, Smith GW, Wang J. 2008. Effects of sodium fluoride treatment in vitro on cell proliferation, apoptosis and caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA expression by neonatal rat osteoblasts. Arch Toxicol. Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print]

Apoptosis: BASIL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF RABBIT ORAL MUCOSA

Tsai CL, Lin JW, Kuo HK, Tai MH, Wu YC, Shyr CR, Wu PC. 2008. Induction of apoptosis in rabbit oral mucosa by 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel. Arch Toxicol. 82(2):81-7. February.

Apoptosis: Osteoblast / Onosteoblasts

Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun X. 2005. Experimental study of fluoride toxicity onosteoblasts during bone formation. Abstract Number 48. Paper presented at the XXVIth. ISFR conference in Wiesbaden, Germany, Sept. Fluoride 38(3).
sun-2005.pdf

Apoptosis: SPERM

Huang C, Niu R, Wang J. 2007. Toxic effects of sodium fluoride on reproductive function in male mice. Fluoride 40(3):162-168. July-September.
huang-2007.pdf

Jiang CX, Fan QT, Cheng XM, Cui LX. 2005. [Relationship between spermatogenic cell apoptosis and serum estradiol level in rats exposed to fluoride] [Article in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 34(1):32-4. January.

Apoptosis: THYMUS (rat)

Matsui H, Morimoto M, Horimoto K, Nishimura Y. 2007. Some characteristics of fluoride-induced cell death in rat thymocytes: Cytotoxicity of sodium fluoride. Toxicology 21(6):1113-20. September.

Wang H, Zhou B, Cao J, Gu X, Cao C, Wang J. 2008. Effects of dietary protein and calcium on thymus apoptosis induced by fluoride in female rats (Wistar rats). Environ Toxicol. Jul 24. [Epub ahead of print]

APOPTOSIS & DNA DAMAGE: ORAL MUCOSAL CELLS & HEPATOCYTES (RAT)

He LF, Chen JG. 2006. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol. 12(7):1144-8. February 21.
he-2006.pdf

APOPTOSIS & OXIDATIVE STRESS: HIPPOCAMPAL (rat)

Zhang M, Wang A, He W, He P, Xu B, Xia T, Chen X, Yang K. 2007. Effects of fluoride on the expression of NCAM, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Toxicology. 236(3):208-216. July 17.

APOPTOSIS & OXIDATIVE STRESS: KIDNEY (rat)

Yu RA, Xia T, Wang AG, Chen XM. 2006. Effects of selenium and zinc on renal oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by fluoride in rats. Biomed Environ Sci. 19(6):439-44. December.

APOPTOSIS & OXIDATIVE STRESS: RENAL TUBES (rat)

Xu H, Jin XQ, Jing L, Li GS. 2006. Effect of sodium fluoride on the expression of bcl-2 family and osteopontin in rat renal tubular cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 109(1):55-60. January.

ASTHMA: ALUMINUM POTROOM WORKERS

Taiwo OA, Sircar KD, Slade MD, Cantley LF, Vegso SJ, Rabinowitz PM, Fiellin MG, Cullen MR. 2006. Incidence of asthma among aluminum workers. J Occup Environ Med. 48(3):275-282. March.

BLOOD

Agalakova NI, Gusev GP. 2008. Diverse effects of fluoride on NA+ and K+ transport across the rat erythrocyte membrane. Fluoride 41(1)28–39. January-March.
agalakova-2008.pdf

Chouhan S, Flora SJ. 2008. Effects of fluoride on the tissue oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats: biochemical assays supported by IR spectroscopy data. Toxicology. 2008 Dec 5;254(1- 2):61-7.

Connett M. 2005. Blood fluoride levels as a tool for assessing risk of fluoride toxicity. Abstract Number 9. Paper presented at the XXVIth. ISFR conference in Wiesbaden, Germany, September. Fluoride 38(3):226.
connett.m.-2005.pdf

Grucka-Mamczar E, Birkner E, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Machoy Z, Kasperczyk S, Blaszcyk I. 2007. Influence of extended exposure to sodium fluoride and caffeine on the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in rat blood serum and liver. Fluoride 40(1)62–66. January-March.
grucka-mamczar-2007.pdf

Opydo-Szymaczek J, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. 2006. Variations in concentration of fluoride in blood plasma of pregnant women and their possible consequences for amelogenesis in a fetus. Homo. 57(4):295-307. [Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen].

Ruiz-Payan A, Duarte-Gardea M, Ortiz M, Hurtado R. 2005. Chronic effects of fluoride on growth, blood chemistry, and thyroid hormones in adolescents residing in northern Mexico. Abstract number 37. Paper presented at the XXVIth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research (September 26-29). Fluoride 38(3):246.
ruiz-payan-2005.abstract37.pdf

Shanthakumari D, Srinivasalu S, Subramanian S. 2006. Antioxidant defense systems in red blood cell lysates of men with dental fluorosis living in Tamil Nadu, India. Fluoride 39(3)231–239. July-September.
shanthakumari-2006.pdf

Xiang Q, Chen L, Chen X, Wang C, Liang Y, Liao Q, Fan D, Hong P, Zhang M. 2005. Serum fluoride and skeletal fluorosis in two villages in Jiangsu Province, China. Fluoride 38(3):178–184.
xiang-2005.pdf

BONE / OSTEOBLASTS

Bouletreau PH, Bost M, Fontanges E, Lauverjat M, Gutknecht C, Ecochard R, Delmas PD, Chambrier C. 2006. Fluoride exposure and bone status in patients with chronic intestinal failure who are receiving home parenteral nutrition1–3. Am J Clin Nutr 83:1429 –37.

Chavassieux P, Seeman E, Delmas PD. 2007. Insights into material and structural basis of bone fragility from diseases associated with fractures: how determinants of the biomechanical properties of bone are compromised by disease. Endocrine Reviews 28(2):151–164.

Claassen H, Cellarius C, Scholz-Ahrens KE, Schrezenmeir J, Gluer CC, Schun M, Kurz B. 2006. Extracellular matrix changes in knee joint cartilage following bone-active drug treatment. Cell Tissue Res Cell Tissue Res. 324(2):279-89. May.

Khandare L, Harikumar R, Sivakumar B. 2005. Severe bone deformities in young children from vitamin D deficiency and fluorosis in Bihar-India. Calcif Tissue Int 76:412–418.

Nyman JS, Reyes M, Wang X . 2005. Effect of ultrastructural changes on the toughness of bone . Micron 36(7-8):566-82.

Qu W, Zhong D, Wu P, Wang J, Han B.. 2008. Sodium fluoride modulates caprine osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 26(4):328-334. July.

Tamer MN, Koro BK, Korolu M , Cam H , Yildiz. M. 2007. Osteosclerosis due to endemic fluorosis. Sci Total Environ. 373(1):43-8. Feb 1.

Tang Q, Yang X, Tang G, Wang Y, Yu Y. 2007. Effect of fluoride on expression of pura gene and CaM gene in newborn rat osteoblasts. Fluoride 40(1)31-36. January-March.
tang-2007.pdf

Topuz O, Akkaya N, Ardic F, Sarsan A, Cubukcu D, Gokgozb A. 2006. Bone resorption and quantitative ultrasound in an endemic fluorosis area of Turkey. Fluoride 39(2)138–144. April-June.
topuz-2006.pdf

BONE: GENETIC INFLUENCE

Mousny M, Banse X, Wise L, Everett ET, Hancock R, Vieth R, Devogelaer JP, Grynpas MD. 2006. The genetic influence on bone susceptibility to fluoride. Bone. 39(6):1283-9. December.

BONE: OSTEO-RENAL SYNDROME

Harinarayan CV, Kochupillai N, Madhu SV, Gupta N, Meunier PJ.. 2006. Fluorotoxic metabolic bone disease: an osteo-renal syndrome caused by excess fluoride ingestion in the tropics. Bone. 39(4):907-14. October.

BONE: RESORPTION IN CHRONIC FLUORIDE INTOXICATION

Mikhailova NN, Anokhina AS, Ulanova EV, Fomenko DV, Kizichenko NV. 2006. [Experimental studies of pathogenesis of chronic fluoride intoxication] [Article in Russian]. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 3:19-21. July-Sept.

BONE & TEETH: (Rat Study)

Kakei M, Sakae T, Yoshikawa M, Tamura N. 2007. Effect of fluoride ions on apatite crystal formation in rat hard tissues. Ann Anat. 189(2):175-81.

BRAIN

Brain: ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE

Bhatnagar M, Rao P, Saxena A, Bhatnagar R, Meena P, Barbar S, Chouhan A, Vimal S. 2006. Biochemical changes in brain and other tissues of female mice from F in their drinking water. Fluoride 39(4): 280–284. October-December.
bhatnagar-2006.pdf

Brain: ANIMAL STUDIES – FLUORIDE’S EFFECT on LEARNING / MEMORY/ BEHAVIOR

Andreatini R, Chioca LR, Rauppp IM, Da Cunha, Losso EM. 2007. Memory impairment induced by chronic sodium fluoride intake. Neurotoxicol Teratol 24, 751–757. In: Neuropharmacology page S247, P.1.c.009.

Bera I, Sabatini R, Auteri P, Flace P, Sisto G, Montagnani M, Potenza MA, Marasciulo FL, Carratu MR, Coluccia A, Borracci P, Tarullo A, Cagiano R. 2007. Neurofunctional effects of developmental sodium fluoride exposure in rats. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 11(4):211-24.

Chioca LR, Raupp IM, Da Cunha C, Losso EM, Andreatini R. 2008. Subchronic fluoride intake induces impairment in habituation and active avoidance tasks in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 579(1-3):196-201. January 28.

Mullenix PJ, Denbesten PK, Schunior A, Kernan WJ. 1995. Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177.

Niu R, Sun Z, Wang J, Cheng Z, Wang J. 2008. Effects of fluoride and lead on locomotor behavior and expression of Nissl body in brain of adult rats. Fluoride 41(4):276-282.
niu-2008.pdf

Sun ZR, Liu F, Wu L, Lu Y, Yu D. 2008. Effects of high fluoride drinking water on the cerebral functions of mice. Fluoride 41(2)148–151. April-June.
sun.2008.pdf

Wu C, Gu X, Ge Y, Zhang J, Wang J. 2006. Effects of high fluoride and arsenic on brain biochemical indexes and learning-memory in rats. Fluoride 39(4):274–279. October-December.
wu-2006.pdf

Wu N, Zhao Z, Gao W, LiX. 2008. Behavioral teratology in rats exposed to fluoride. Fluoride 41(2):129-133. April-June. Full study at http://www.fluoridealert.org/scher/wu.2008.pdf

Zhang Z, Xu X, Shen X, Xu X. 2008. Effect of fluoride exposure on synaptic structure of brain areas related to learning-memory in mice. Fluoride 41(2)139–143. April-June.
zhang.z-2008.pdf

Brain: DNA DAMAGE

Ge Y, et al. 2005. Comet assay of DNA damage in brain cells of adult rats exposed to high fluoride and low iodine. Fluoride 38(3):209-214.
ge-2005.pdf

Brain: HIPPOCAMPUS & NEOCORTEX

Chirumari K, Reddy PK. 2007. Dose-dependent effects of fluoride on neurochemical milieu in the hippocampus and neocortex of rat brain. Fluoride 40(2):101-110. April-June.
chirumari-2007.pdf

Brain: HUMAN BEHAVIORAL STUDIES
NOTE: English translation only available in 2008.

Guo Z, He Y, Zhu Q. 2008. Research on the neurobehavioral function of workers occupationally exposed to fluoride. Fluoride 41(2)152-155. April-June 2008.
guo.2008.pdf

Li J, Yao L, Shao Q, Wu C. 2008. Effects of high fluoride on neonatal neurobehavioural development. Fluoride 41(2)165–170.
li.2008.pdf

Brain: HUMAN FETAL STUDIES
NOTE: English translation only available in 2008.

Du L,Wan C, Cao X, Liu J. 2008. The effect of fluorine on the developing human brain. Fluoride 41(4):327-330. October-December.
du-2008.pdf

He H, Cheng Z, Liu W. 2008. The effects of fluorine on human fetus. Fluoride 41(4):321-328. October-December.
he-2008.pdf

Yu Y, Yang W, Dong Z, Wan C, Zhang J, Liu J, Xiao K, Huang Y, Lu B. 2008. Neurotransmitter and receptor changes in the brains of fetuses from areas of endemic fluorosis. Fluoride 41(2)134–138. April-June.
yu-2008.pdf

Brain: IQ – FIVE CHINESE STUDIES NOT YET TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH:

NOTE: The Tang et.al. (2008) meta-analysis cited the following 5 studies as
reporting lowered IQ from fluoride exposure.

An JA, Mei SZ, Liu AP et al. 1992. Effect of high level of fluoride on children’s intelligence. Zhong Guo Di Fang Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 7(2):93–94. 1992.

Xu YL, Lu CS, Zhang XN. 1994. Effect of fluoride on children’s intelligence. [Article in Chinese]. Di Fang Bing Tong Bao 9:83–84.

Yao LM, Deng Y, Yang SY et al. 1997. Yu Fang Yi Xue Wen. 1997. Comparison of children’s health and intelligence between the fluorosis area with altering water source and those without altering water source. [Article in Chinese]. Yu Fang Yi Xue Wen Xian Xin Xi 3(1):42–43.

Zhang JW, Yao H, Chen Y. 1998. Effect of high level of fluoride and arsenium on children’s intelligence. [Article in Chinese]. Zhong Guo Gong Gong Wei Sheng Xue Bao 17(2):119.

Fan ZX, Dai HX, Bai AM et al. 2007. Effect of high fluoride exposure on children intelligence. [Article in Chinese]. Huan Jing Yu Jian Kang Za Zhi 24(10):802–803.

Brain: IQ – HUMAN STUDIES
English translation of studies published in Chinese only available in 2008.

Chen Y, Han F, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Jiao X, Zhang S, Huang M, Chang T, Dong Y. 2008. Research on the intellectual development of childen in high fluoride areas. Fluoride 41(2)120–124. April-June.
chen.2008.pdf

Guo X, Wang R, Cheng C, Wei W, Tang L, Wang Q, Tang D, Liu G, He G, Li S. 2008. A preliminary investigation of the IQs of 7-13 year-old children from an area with coal burning-related fluoride poisoning. Fluoride 41(2)125–128. April-June.
guo-2008.pdf

Hong F, Cao Y, Yang D, Wang H. 2008. Research on the effects of fluoride on child intellectual development under different environmental conditions. Fluoride 41(2)156-160. April-June.
hong-2008.pdf

Li XS, Zhi JL, Gao RO. 1995. Effect of fluoride exposure on intelligence in children. Fluoride 28:189-192.
li-1995.pdf

Li Y, Li X, Wei S. 2008. Effects of high fluoride intake on child metal work capacity: preliminary investigation into the mechanisms involved. Fluoride 41(4):331-335. October-December.
li-2008.pdf

Li Y, Jing X, Chen D, Lin L, Wang Z. 2008. Effects of endemic fluoride poisoning on the intellectual development of children in Baotou. Fluoride 41(2)161–164. April-June.
li.y-2008.pdf

Lin FF, Aihaiti, Zhao HX, Lin J, Jiang JY, Maimaiti, and Aiken. 1991. The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter 7(3):24-25.
lin-1991.pdf

Lu Y, Sun ZR, Wu LN, Wang X, Lu W, Liu SS. 2000. Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride 33:74-78.
lu-2000.pdf

Qin L, Huo S, Chen R, Chang Y, Zhao M. 2008. Using the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to determine the effects of the level of fluoride in drinking water on the intellectual ability of school-age children. Fluoride 41(2)115–119. April-June.
qin.2008.pdf

Ren D, Li K, Liu D. 2008. A study of the intellectual ability of 8-14 year-old children in high fluoride, low iodine areas. Fluoride 41(4):319-320. October-December.
ren-2008.pdf

Rocha-Amador D, Navarro ME, Carrizales L, Morales R, Calderon J. 2007. Decreased intelligence in children and exposure to fluoride and arsenic in drinking water. Cadernos de Saude Publica 23(Suppl 4):S579-87.

Seraj B*, Shahrabi M, Falahzade M, Falahzade F, Akhondi N. 2006. [Effect of high fluoride concentration in drinking water on children’s intelligence]. Journal of Dental Medicine 19(2):80-86. [English translation forwarded by lead author.]
seraj-2007.trans.pdf

Trivedi MH, Verma RJ, Chinoy NJ, Patel RS, Sathawara NG. 2007. Effect of high fluoride water on intelligence of school children in India. Fluoride 40(3):178-183.
trivedi-2007.pdf

Wang G, Yang D, Jia, Wang H. 2008.A study of the IQ levels of four- to seven-year old children in high fluoride areas. Fluoride 41(4)340–343. October-December.
wang-2008.pdf

Wang S, Zhang H, Fan W, Fang S, Kang P, Chen X, Yu M. 2008. The effects of endemic fluoride poisoning caused by coal burning on the physical development and intelligence of children. Fluoride 412(4)344-348. October-December.
wang.s-2008.pdf

Wang SX, Wang ZH, Cheng XT, Li J, Sang Z-P, Zhang X-D, Han L-L, Qiao X-Y, Wu Z-M, Wang Z-Q. 2007. Arsenic and fluoride exposure in drinking water: children’s IQ and growth in Shanyin county, Shanxi province, China. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(4):643-7.
wang-2007.pdf

Xiang Q, Liang Y, Chen L, Wang C, Chen B, Chen X, Zhou M. 2003a. Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children’s intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94, 198-199. Also see follow-up letter detailing lead levels in children’s blood at xiang-2003b.pdf
xiang-2003a.pdf

Xiang Q, Liang J, Zhou M, Zang H. 2003b. Blood lead of children in Wamiao-Xinhuai intelligence study. Letter to the Editor. Fluoride 36: 198-199.
xiang-2003b.pdf
[IQ STUDY: follow-up letter detailing lead levels in children’s blood]

Zhao LB, Liang GH, Zhang DN, Wu XR. 1996. Effect of high-fluoride water supply on children’s intelligence. Fluoride 29:190-192.
zhao-1996.pdf

Brain: HYPOTHALAMUS

Tsunoda M, Aizawa Y, Nakano K, Liu Y, Horiuchi T, Itai K, Tsunoda H. 2006. Changes in fluoride levels in the liver, kidney, and brain and in neurotransmitters of mice after subacute administration of fluorides. Fluoride 38(4)284–292. November.
tsunoda-2006.pdf

Brain: NEURODEVELOPMENTAL

Choi A, Grandjean P. 2007. Potentials for developmental fluoride neurotoxicity. Abstract Number 15. Paper presented at the XXVIITH Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research, October 9-12, 2007, Beijing. Fluoride 40(4):265.
choi-2007.abstract.15.pdf

Gilbert SG. 2008. Scientific consensus statement on environmental agents associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Developed by the Collaborative on Health and the Environment’s Learning and Developmental Disabilities Initiative (LDDI Consensus Statement). November 7.
gilbert-2008.pdf

Brain: IQ – REVIEWS

Connett M, Limeback H. 2008. Fluoride and its effect on human intelligence. A systematic review. Poster 2205. International Association for Dental Research 83rd General Session and Exhibition. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. July 4.
connett.limeback.pdf

Liu M, Qian C. 2008. [Effect of endemic fluorosis on children’s intelligence development: a Meta analysis] [Article in Chinese]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. Dec;10(6):723-5.

National Research Council. 2006. CHAPTER 7: Fluoride: Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA’s standards. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=030910128X&page=205

Tang Q, Du J, Ma H, Jiang S, Zhou X. 2008. Fluoride and children’s intelligence: a meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 126(1-3):115-20. Winter.

CARCINOGENICITY

Environmental Working Group. 2005. Petition to National Toxicology Program nominating fluoride in tap water for inclusion in the Report on Carcinogens. June 6. Available online at http://www.ewg.org/node/21001

Zhang R, Niu Y, Du H, Cao X, Shi D, Hao Q, Zhou Y. 2009. A stable and sensitive testing system for potential carcinogens based on DNA damage-induced gene expression in human HepG2 cell. Toxicol In Vitro. 23(1):158-65. February.

CARCINOGENICITY: OSTEOSARCOMA

Bassin EB, Wypij D, Davis RB, Mittleman MM. 2006. Age-specific fluoride exposure in drinking water and osteosarcoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 17(4):421-8. May.

Connett P, Neurath C, Connett M. 2005a. Revisiting the Fluoride-Osteosarcoma connection the context of Elise Bassin’s findings: Part I. Submitted to the National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC) review panel on the Toxicology of Fluoride in Water. March 2,
connett.2005a.pdf

Connett P, Neurath C, Connett M. 2005b. Revisiting the Fluoride-Osteosarcoma connection in context of Elise Bassin’s findings: Part II. Submitted to the NRC review panel on the Toxicology of Fluoride in Water March 21, 2005 (revised April 8, 2005).
connett.2005b.pdf

Connett P, Neurath C, Connett M. 2005c. Osteosarcoma Revisited. Abstract Number 10. Paper presented at the XXVIth. ISFR conference in Wiesbaden, Germany, Sept. Fluoride 38(3):227.
connett-2005c.pdf

Neurath C, Connett P. 2008. Current epidemiological research on a link between fluoride and osteosarcoma. Abstract from the XXVIIIth Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research (August, Toronto, Canada). Fluoride 41(3)241-242.
neurath-2008.pdf

Sandhu R, Lal H, Kundu ZS, Kharb S. 2009. Serum fluoride and sialic acid levels in osteosarcoma. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Apr 24. [Epub ahead of print]

Neurath C, Connett P. 2009. Evidence supporting prioritizing fluoride for carcinogenicity hazard identification. Submitted to the California OEHHA and Carcinogenicity Identification Committee. May 5.
CYTOTOXICITY

Satoh R, Kishino K, Morshed SR, Takayama F, Otsuki S, Suzuki F, Hashimoto K, Kikuchi H, Nishikawa H, Yasui T, Sakagami H. 2005. Changes in fluoride sensitivity during in vitro senescence of normal human oral cells. Anticancer Res. 25(3B):2085-90. May-June.

DENTAL: Misc.

Wurtz T, Houari S, Mauro N, MacDougall M, Peters P, Berdal A. 2008. Fluoride at non-toxic dose affects odontoblast gene expression in vitro. Toxicology 249:26–34.

Zhang Y, Yan Q, Li W, DenBesten PK. 2006b. Fluoride down-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-20 in human fetal tooth ameloblast-lineage cells in vitro. Eur J Oral Sci 2006; 114 (Suppl. 1): 105–110.

DENTAL CARIES: Socio-economic status

Birkeland JM, Ibrahim YE, Ghandour IA, Haugejorden O. 2005. Severity of dental caries among 12-year-old Sudanese children with different fluoride exposure. Clin Oral Invest 9: 46–51. March.

Burt BA, Kolker JL, Sandretto AM, Yuan Y, Sohn W, Ismail AI. 2006. Dietary patterns related to caries in a low-income adult population. Caries Res. 2006 ; 40(6): 473–480.

Gerth UG. 2005. Nothing to smile about. Fosters Daily Democrat (New Hampshire). May 22. Available online at http://www2.www.fluoridealert.org/Alert/United-States/New-Hampshire/Nothing-to-smile-about
Note: Concord, NH, has been fluoridated since 1978.

Law V. 2005. Sink your teeth into health care. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (Pennsylvania). February 13. Available at http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_303168.html

Neurath C. 2005. Tooth decay trends in nonfluoridated and fluoridated countries. Fluoride 38(4):324–325. November.
neurath-2005.pdf

NYS (New York State Department of Health). 2006. The impact of oral disease in New York State. December.
NYS-2006.pdf

Pontigo-Loyola, Medina-Solis CE, Borges-Yan SA, Patino-Marin N, Islas-Marquez A, Maupomreddye G. 2007. Prevalence and severity of dental caries in adolescents aged 12 and 15 living in communities with various fluoride concentrations. J Public Health Dent. 67(1):8-13. Winter.

Slate R. 2055. State must fund plan to provide oral health care for the poor. New Haven Register (Connecticut). May 5. Available at http://www2.www.fluoridealert.org/Alert/United-States/Connecticut/Fluoridated-Connecticut-experiencing-Oral-Health-Crisis

ur Rehman MM, Mahmood N, ur Rehman B. 2008. The relationship of caries with oral hygiene status and extra-oral risk factors. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 20(1):103-8. Jan-Mar.

DENTAL FLUOROSIS

Bharati P, Kubakaddi A, Rao M, Naik RK. 2005. Clinical symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Gadag and Bagalkot Districts of Karnataka. J. Hum. Ecol., 18(2): 105-107.

Cunha-Cruz J, Nadanovsky P. 2005. Dental fluorosis increases caries risk. Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice 5:170-171.

Beltran-Aguilar ED et al. 2005. Surveillance for Dental Caries, Dental Sealants, Tooth Retention, Edentulism, and Enamel Fluorosis — United States, 1988–1994 and 1999—2002. MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 54(03);1-44. August 26.
Online at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5403a1.htm

Iyaruu DM, BervoetsTJM, Bronckers ALJJ. 2006. Short exposure to high levels of fluoride induces stage-dependent structural changes in ameloblasts and enamel mineralization. Eur J Oral Sci 114 (Suppl. 1): 111–115.

Limeback H. 2007. How should I diagnose dental fluorosis? JCDA 73(9):809-812. November.

Mandinic Z, Marijana Curcic M, Antonijevic B, Lekic CP, Carevic M. 2009. Relationship between fluoride intake in Serbian children living in two areas with different natural levels of fluorides and occurrence of dental fluorosis. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47:1080–1084.

Sharma R, Tsuchiya M, Bartlett JD. 2008. Fluoride induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibits protein synthesis and secretion. Environ Health Perspect. 116(9):1142-6. September.
sharma-2008.pdf

Vandana KL, George P, Cobb CM. 2007. Periodontal changes in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Fluoride 40(2)128–133. April-June.
vandana-2007a.pdf

Waidyasekera PG, Nikaido T, Weerasinghe DD, Wettasinghe KA, Tagami J. Caries susceptibility of human fluorosed enamel and dentine. J Dent. 35(4):343-9. April.

DIABETES – (Female Rat study)

Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Rybicka M, Wioletta Dudzinska W, Marchlewicz M, Nocen I, Slawinski G, Wiszniewska B, Chlubek D. 2009. Changes in the concentration of fluoride and biogenic elements in the serum and bones of female rats with stretozotocin-induced diabetes. Fluoride 42(1):9-16. January-March.
gutowska-2009.pdf

DNA DAMAGE

Ge Y, et al. 2005. Comet assay of DNA damage in brain cells of adult rats exposed to high fluoride and low iodine. Fluoride 38(3):209-214.
ge-2005.pdf

Ge Y, Ning H, Wang S, Wang J. 2005b. DNA damage in thyroid gland cells of rats exposed to long-term intake of high fluoride and low iodine. Fluoride 38(4)318–323. November.
ge-2005b.pdf

He LF, Chen JG. 2006. DNA damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes induced by fluoride in rat oral mucosal cells and hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol. 12(7):1144-8. February 21.
he-2006.pdf

Jia L, Zhang Z, Zhai L, Zhang Y, Sun G. 2008. DNA damage induced by fluoride in rat kidney cells. Fluoride 41(4):297-300. October-December.
jia-2008.pdf

Podder S, Chattopadhyay A, Bhattacharya S. 2008b. In vivo suppression by fluoride of chromosome aberrations induced by mitomycin-C in mouse bone marrow cells. Fluoride 41(1)40–43. January-March.

Zhang M, Wang A, Xis T, He P. 2008. Effects of fluoride on DNA damage, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and the expression of NF- B in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Toxicology Letters 179:1–5.

Zhang Y, Sun X, Sun G, Liu S, Wang L. 2006. DNA damage induced by fluoride in rat osteoblasts. Fluoride 39(3)191–194. July-September.
zhang-2006.pdf

DYSPEPSIA

Spittle B. 2008. Dyspepsia associated with fluoridated water. Fluoride 41(1):89-92. January-March.
spittle-2008.pdf

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR

National Research Council. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA’s standards. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
Available to read and search online for free

ENZYMES INHIBITED OR ACTIVATED BY FLUORIDE

Adamek E, Pawlowska-Goral K, Bober K.. 2005. In vitro and in vivo effects of fluoride ions on enzyme activity. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 51(2):69-85.

EXPOSURE

Exposure: AGE FOR DENTAL FLUOROSIS DEVELOPMENT

Hong L, Levy SM, et al. 2006. Timing of fluoride intake in relation to development of fluorosis on maxillary central incisors. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 34(4):299-309.

Exposure: ANESTHESIA (sevoflurane)

Kanbak M, Karagoz AH, Erdem N, Oc B, Saricaoglu F, Ertas N, Berkkan A, Abbasoglu O, Aypar U. 2007. Renal safety and extrahepatic defluorination of sevoflurane in hepatic transplantations. Transplant Proc. 39(5):1544-8. June.

Exposure: HORSES

Krook LP, Justus C. 2006. Fluoride poisoning of horses from artifically fluoridated drinking water. Fluoride 39(1)3-10. January-March.
krook-2006.pdf

Exposure: Acute dermal hydrofluoric acid

Strunecka A. 2008. Chronic psychiatric symptoms after acute dermal hydrofluoric acid exposure. Fluoride 41(4)317–318. October-December.
strunecka-2008.pdf

Exposure: INFANTS

ADA (American Dental Association). 2006. Interim Guidance on Reconstituted Infant Formula. 2006. ADA,eGRAM. November 9.
ada.egram-2006.pdf

Erdal S, Buchanan SN. 2005. A quantitative look at fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and intake in children using a health risk assessment approach. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:111-7.
erdal-2005.pdf

Pagliari AV, Moimaz SAS, Saliba O, Delbem ACB, Sassaki KT. 2006. Analysis of fluoride concentration in mother’s milk substitutes. Braz Oral Res 20(3):269-74.

Exposure: LEVELS IN DRINKING WATER TO CAUSE FLUOROSIS OR OTHER INJURY

Baskaradoss JK, Clement RB, Narayanan A. 2008. Prevalence of dental fluorosis and associated risk factors in 11-15 year old school children of Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India: a cross sectional survey. Indian J Dent Res. 19(4):297-303. Oct-Dec.

Fordyce FM, Vrana K, Zhovinsky E, Povoroznuk V, Toth G, Hope BC, Iljinsky U, Baker J. 2007. A health risk assessment for fluoride in Central Europe. Environ Geochem Health. 29(2):83-102. April.

Srikanth R, Chandra TR, Kumarb BR. 2008. Endemic fluorosis in five villages of the Palamau district, Jharkhnd, India. Fluoride 41(3):206-211. July-September.
srikanth-2008.pdf

Heikens A, Sumarti S, van Bergen M, Widianarko B, Fokkert L, van Leeuwen K, Seinen W. 2005. The impact of the hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake: risks of excess fluoride to human health. Sci Total Environ. 346(1-3):56-69. June 15.

Warren JJ, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Cavanaugh JE, Kanellis MJ, Weber-Gasparoni K. 2008. Considerations on optimal fluoride intake ssing dental fluorosis and dental caries outcomes – a longitudinal study. J Public Health Dent. 2008 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]

Wong HM, McGrath C, Lo ECM, King NM. 2006. Association between developmental defects of enamel and different concentrations of fluoride in the public water supply. Caries Res 40:481–486.

Xiong X, Liu J, He W, Xia T, He P, Chen X, Yang K, Wang A. 2007. Dose–effect relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and damage to liver and kidney functions in children. Environ Res. 03(1):112-6. January.

Exposure: PREGNANT WOMEN

Exposure: RISK TO PEOPLE WITH KIDNEY DISEASE

Ayoob S, Gupta AK. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a review on the status and stress effects. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 36:433–487.

Bansal R, Tiwari SC. 2006. Back pain in chronic renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 21:2331-2332.

US EPA. 1985. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Fluoride. Final Rule. Federal Register November 14; 50(220). [The MCL established on April 2, 1986 [51 FR 11396), finalizes interim regulations set in November 14, 1985 (50 FR 47142), and proposed in the Federal Register of May 14, 1985 (50 FR 20164).]

Note the use of the word “except”:

“The Agency feels that this [MCLG] provides an adequate margin of safety except in
those very extreme cases involving severely renally impaired individuals who
consume unusually high levels of fluoride due in part to polydipsia and other
confounding factors” (page 47152, our emphasis)

Exposure: TEA

Cao J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Deng HJ, Yi J, Liu JW. 2006. Fluoride levels in various black tea commodities: Measurement and safety evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44:1131–1137.

Johnson JEH, Kearns AE, Doran PM, Khoo TK, Wermers RA. 2007, Fluoride-related bone disease associated with habitual tea consumption. Mayo Clin Proc. 82(6):719-24. June.
•• Erratum in: Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Aug;82(8):1017. dosage error in text.

Malinowska E, Inkielewicz I, Czarnowski W, Szefera P. 2008. Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46:1055–1061.

Pehrsson P et al. 2005. The fluoride content of brewed and microwave brewed black teas . United States Department of Agriculture. [Note: document not dated.]
pehrsson-2005.pdf

Sun DJ et al. 2005. Dose-response relationship between dental fluorosis and fluoride in brick tea. Abstract 47. Presented at the 26th International Society for Fluoride Research in Wiesbaden, Germany (September). Fluoride 38(3):253.
sun-2005.pdf

Yi J, Cao J. 2008. Tea and fluorosis. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 129:76-81.

Whyte MP, Essmyer K, Gannon FH, Reinus WR. 2005. Skeletal fluorosis and instant tea. Am J Med. 118(1):78-82. January.

Whyte MP. 2006. Fluoride Levels in Bottled Teas. Letter to Editor. American Journal of Medicine, 119(2):189-190. February.

Exposure: TOOTHPASTE

Roos J, Dumolard A, Bourget S, Grange L, Rousseau A, 2005. [Osteofluorosis caused by excess use of toothpaste.] [Article in French]. Presse Med. 34(20 Pt 1):1518-20. November.

Exposure: Urine testing

Maguire A, Zohouri FV, Hindmarch PN, Hatts J, Moynihan PJ. 2007. Fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 6- to 7-year-old children living in optimally, sub-optimally and non-fluoridated areas. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 35: 479–488.

Zohouri FV, Swinbank CM, Maguire A, Moynihan PJ. Is the fluoride/creatinine ratio of a spot urine sample indicative of 24-h urinary fluoride? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 34: 130–8

Exposure: Workplace / Aluminum Potroom Workers

Sharifian A, Momeni VR, Shahriaran S, Aminiana O. 2008. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in aluminum potroom workers exposed to fluoride emissions. Fluoride 41(4):314- 316. October-December.
sharifian-2008.pdf

Exposure / Workplace: Chronic Bronchitis

Viragh E, Viragh H, Laczka J, Coldea V. 2006. Health effects of occupational exposure to fluorine and its compounds in a small-scale enterprise. Industrial Health. 44:64-68.

Exposure: Workplace / Parkinson’s Disease

Dhillon AS, Tarbutton GL, Levin JL, Plotkin GM, Lowry LK, Nalbone JT, Shepherd S. 2008. Pesticide/environmental exposures and Parkinson’s disease in East Texas. J Agromedicine. 13(1):37-48.

Exposure: TRANSPLACENTAL PASSAGE

Opydo-Szymaczek J, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. 2007. Transplacental passage of fluoride in pregnant Polish women assessed on the basis of fluoride concentrations in maternal and cord blood plasma F. Fluoride 40(1):46–50. January-March.
opydo-szymaczek-2007.pdf

FETOTOXICITY

Helal M, El Dakdoky M. 2006. Fetotoxicity of fluoride in rats alleviated by some antioxidants. Fluoride 39(3):202–210. July-September.
helal-2006.pdf

FLUORIDATION: DRINKING WATER

Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE). 2008. Statement on drinking water fluoridation. September.
Available online at http://www.fluoridealert.org/cape.html

Carton RJ. 2006. Review of the 2006 United States National Research Council report: Fluoride in drinking water. Fluoride 39(3)163-172. July-September.
carton-2006.pdf

Cheng KK, Chalmers,I, Sheldon,A. 2007. Analysis: Adding fluoride to water supplies BMJ 2007;335:699-702. October 6.
cheng-2007.pdf

Connnett P, Connett E, Connett M, Neurath C. 2005. Submission to: National Research Council Committee: Toxicologic Risk of Fluoride in Drinking Water; BEST-K-02-05-A. March 30.
connett-2005.pdf

Connett P. 2008. The arguments against the proposal to fluoridate Southampton UK. Submission to South Central Strategic Health Authority (SHA). December 18.
connett.2008.pdf

Foulkes RG. 2007. The Precautionary Principle and “evidence-based dentistry.” Fluoride 40(1):4-6. January-March.
foulkes-2007.pdf

Gilbert SG. 2007. Scientific consensus statement on environmental agents associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Developed by the Collaborative on Health and the Environment’s Learning and Developmental Disabilities Initiative (LDDI Consensus Statement). November 7.
gilbert-2007.pdf

Komarek A, LeSaffre E, Harkanen T, Declerck D, Virtanen JI.. 2005. A Bayesian analysis of multivariate doubly-interval-censored dental data. Biostatistics 6, 1, pp. 145–155.

Limeback H, Thiessen K, Isaacson R, Hirzy W. 2007. The EPA MCLG for fluoride in drinking water: new recommendations.
limeback-2007.pdf

Osmunson B. 2008. Water fluoridation intervention: dentistry’s crown jewel or dark hour. Fluoride 40(4):2214-221. October-December.
osmunson-2007.pdf

Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G. 2007. Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review. Clinical Oral Investigations 11(3):189-93.

Thiessen K. 2007. Adverse health effects from fluoride in drinking water. Comments to the Water Quality and Operations Committee, Metropolitan Water District, Los Angeles, California. August 20.
thiessen-2007.pdf

Warren JJ, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Cavanaugh JE, Kanellis MJ, Weber-Gasparoni K. 2008. Considerations on optimal fluoride intake using dental fluorosis and dental caries outcomes – a longitudinal study. J Public Health Dent. 2008 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]

FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS: LEAD LEACHING

Maas RP, Patch SC, Christian AM, Coplan MJ. 2007. Effects of fluoridation and disinfection agent combinations on lead leaching from leaded-brass parts. Neurotoxicology. 28(5):1023-31. September.

FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS: SILICOFLUORIDES

Burgstahler AW, Freeman RF, Jacobs PN. 2008. Toxic effects of silicofluoridated water in chinchillas, caimans, alligators, and rats held in captivity. Fluoride 41(1): 83–88. January-March.
burgstahler-2008.pdf

Coplan MJ, Patch SC, Masters RD, Bachman MS. 2007. Confirmation of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals. Neurotoxicology. 28(5):1032-42. September.

FLUORIDE in Water: Bioavailability

Maguire A, Zohouri FV, Mathers JC, Steen IN, Hindmarch PN, Moynihan PJ. 2005. Bioavailability of fluoride in drinking water: a human experimental study. J Dent Res 84(11)989-993.

FREE RADICALS: Rat

Krechniak J, Inkielewicz I. 2005. Correlations between fluoride concentrations and free radical parameters in soft tissues of rats. Fluoride 38(4)293–296. November.
krechniak2005.pdf

Shanthakumari D, Srinivasalu S, Subramanian S. 2007. Effect of fluoride intoxication on the levels of intestinal antioxidants studied in rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 29(2):93-9. March.

G-PROTEINS

Cotton M, Claing A. 2009. G protein-coupled receptors stimulation and the control of cell migration. Cellular Signalling 21(7):1045-1053. July.

Jeon SB, Jin F, Kim JI, Kim SH, Suk K, Chae SC, Jun JE, Park WH, Kim IK. 2006. A role for Rho kinase in vascular contraction evoked by sodium fluoride. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications – Feb 28.

GENOTOXICITY

Podder S, Chattopadhyay A, Bhattacharya S, Ray MR, 2008a. Differential in vivo genotoxic effects of lower and higher concentrations of fluoride in mouse bone marrow cells. Fluoride 41(4):301-307. October-December.
podder-2008a.pdf

Podder S, Chattopadhyay A, Bhattacharya S. 2008b. In vivo suppression by fluoride of chromosome aberrations induced by mitomycin-C in mouse bone marrow cells. Fluoride 41(1)40–43. January-March.
podder-2008b.pdf

Rao MV, Tiwari H. 2006. Amelioration by melatonin of chromosomal anomalies induced by arsenic and/or fluoride inhuman blood lymphocyte cultures. Fluoride 39(4)255–260. October- December.
rao-2006.pdf

Velazquez-Guardarrama, Madrigal-Bujaidar NE, Molina D, Chamorro G. 2005. Genotoxic evaluation of sodium fluoride and sodium perborate in mouse bone marrow cells. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 566-572.

HALF-LIFE

National Research Council. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA’s standards. Page 92. National Academy Press, Washington DC. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=92

INSULIN

Chehoud KA, Chiba FY, Sassaki KT, Garbin CAS, Sumida DH. 2008. Effects of fluoride intake on insulin sensitivity and insulin signal transduction. Fluoride 41(4)270-275. October-December.
chehoud-2008.pdf

Menoyo I et al. 2005. Effect of fluoride on the secretion of insulin in the rat. Arzneimittelforschung 55:455-60.

Menoyo I, Puche R, Rigalli A. 2008. Fluoride-induced resistance to insulin in the rat. Fluoride 41(4)260–269. October-December.
menoyo-2008.pdf

KIDNEY: DAMAGE IN CHILDREN

Liu JL, Xia T, Yu YY, Sun XZ, Zhu Q, He W, Zhang M, Wang A. 2005. [The dose-effect relationship of water fluoride levels and renal damage in children] [Article in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 34(3):287-8. May.

KIDNEY

Bober J, Kwiatkowska E, Kedzierska K, Olszewska M, Estachowska E, Ciechanowski K, Chlubek D. 2006. Fluoride aggravation of oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure. Fluoride 39(4):302–309. October-December.
bober-2006.pdf

Grucka-Mamczar E, Birkner E, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Machoy Z. 2005. Disturbances of kidney function in rats with fluoride-induced hyperglycemia after acute poisoning by sodium fluoride. Fluoride 38(1):48–51.
grucka-mamczar-2005.pdf

Jia L, Zhang Z, Zhai L, Zhang Y, Sun G. 2008. DNA damage induced by fluoride in rat kidney cells. Fluoride 41(4):297-300. October-December.

Kobayashi CAN, Leite AL, Silva TL, Santos LD, Nogueira FCS, Oliveira RC, Palma MS, Domont GB, Buzalaf MAR. 2009. Proteomic analysis of kidney in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. Chemico-Biological Interactions [Epub ahead of print]

Tang Q, An X, Du J, Zhang Z, Zhoua X. 2008b. In vitro hormesis effects of sodium fluoride on kidney cells of three-day old male rats. Fluoride 41(4):292-296. October-December.
tang-2008b.pdf

Xu H, Hu L, Chang M, Jing L, Zhang X., Li GS. 2005. Proteomic analysis of kidney in fluoride-treated rat. Toxicol Lett. 60(1):69-75. December 30.

LIPID PEROXIDATION

Lipid Peroxidation: ANTIOXIDANT DECREASE / SKELETAL FLUOROSIS

Kalyanalakshmi P, Vijayabhaskar M, Naidu MD. 2007. Oxidative stress in males with skeletal fluorosis in Andhra Pradesh, India. Fluoride 40(1):42–45.
kalyanalakshmi-2007.pdf

Lipid Peroxidation: KIDNEY (MOUSE)

Bouaziz H, Ghorbel H, Ketata S, Guermazi F, Zeghala N. 2005b. Toxic effects of fluoride by maternal ingestion on kidney function of adult mice and their suckling pups. Fluoride 38(1):23–31.
bouaziz-2005b.pdf

Lipid Peroxidation: KIDNEY (RAT)

Karaoz E, Oncu M, Gulle K, Kanter M, Gultekin F, Karaoz S, Mumcu E. 2004. Effect of chronic fluorosis on lipid peroxidation and histology of kidney tissues in first- and second-generation rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 102(1-3):199-208. Winter.

Lipid Peroxidation: LUNG TISSUE DESTRUCTION / CHRONIC FLUOROSIS

Oncu M, Gulle K, Karaoz E, GultekinF, Karaoz S, Karakoyun I, Mumcu E. 2006. Effect of chronic fluorosis on lipid peroxidation and histology of lung tissues in first and second genertion rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 22(9):375-80. October.

Lipid Peroxidation: TESTES (RAT)

Oncu M, Kocak A, Karaoz E, Darici H, Savik E, Gultekin F. 2007. Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on lipid peroxidation and histology of testes in first- and second-generation rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 118(3):260-8. September.

LIVER

Guo X, Sun Y, Sun G. 2005. [Effect of fluoride on activities of enzyme and ultrastructure in primary cultured rat hepatocytes] [Article in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 34(1):35-7. January.

LIVER: CHOLESTEROL

Birkner E, Grucka-Mamczar E, Stawiarska-Pieta B, Birkner K, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Kasperczyk S, Kasperczyk A. 2009. The Influence of rich-in-cholesterol diet and fluoride ions contained in potable water upon the concentration of malondialdehyde and the activity of selected antioxidative enzymes in babbit liver. Biol Trace Elem Res. Jan 22. Epub ahead of print]

LIVER

Dabrowska E, Letko R, Balunowska M. 2006. Effect of sodium fluoride on the morphological picture of the rat liver exposed to NaF in drinking water. Adv Med Sci. 2006;51 Suppl1:91-5.

LUNG

Refsnes M, Skuland T, Schwarze PE, Ovrevik J, Lag M. 2008. Fluoride-induced IL-8 release in human epithelial lung cells: relationship to EGF-receptor-, SRC- and MAP-kinase activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 227(1):56-67. Feb 15.

Ridley W, Matsuoka M. 2009. Fluoride-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) production in A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett. Apr 16. [Epub ahead of print]

MYOCARDIUM

Cicek E, Aydin G, Akdogan M, Okutan H. 2005. Effects of chronic ingestion of sodium fluoride on myocardium in a second generation of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 24(2):79-87. February.

OXIDATIVE STRESS

Oxidative Stress: BLOOD

Chouhan S, Flora SJ. 2008. Effects of fluoride on the tissue oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats: biochemical assays supported by IR spectroscopy data. Toxicology. 2008 Dec 5;254(1-2):61-7.

Oxidative Stress: BONE

Jin XQ, Xu H, Shi HY, Zhang JM, Zhang HQ. 2007. Fluoride-induced oxidative stress of osteoblasts and protective effects of baicalein against fluoride toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 116(1):81-90. April.

Oxidative Stress: HEART

Sinha M, Manna P, Sil PC. 2008. Terminalia arjuna protects mouse hearts against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress. J Med Food. Dec;11(4):733-40.

Oxidative Stress: IMMUNOTOXICITY

(Sarkar) S, Maiti R, Ghosh D. 2006. Fluoride-induced immunotoxicity in adult male albino rat: a correlative approach to oxidative stress. J Immunotoxicol. Jul 1;3(2):49-55.

Oxidative Stress: KIDNEY / LIVER (MOUSE)

Bouaziz H, Croute F, Boudawara T, Soleilhavoup JP, Zeghal N. 2007. Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling pups. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 58(5):339-349. April 26.

Oxidative Stress: NICONTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (7 nAChR)

Gao Q, Liu Y-J, Guan Z-Z. 2008. Oxidative stress might be a mechanism connected with the decreased alpha 7 nicotinic receptor influenced by high-concentration of fluoride in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 22(4):837-43. June.
••• Corrigendum: “In the above article, the concentrations of fluoride should have been given as mM, instead of lM.”

Oxidative Stress: OSTEOBLASTS

Xu H, Wang CH, Zhao ZT, Zhang WB, Li GS. 2008. Role of oxidative stress in osteoblasts exposed to sodium fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res. 123(1-3):109-15. Summer.

Oxidative Stress: RATS EXPOSED TO FLUORIDE & ASPIRIN

Inkielewicz I, Czarnowskia W. 2008. Oxidative stress parameters in rats exposed to fluoride and aspirin. Fluoride 41(1):76–82. January-March.
inkielewicz2008.pdf

PANCREAS: AUTOPHAGY

Ito M, Nakagawa H, Okada T, Miyazaki S, Matsuo S. 2009. ER-stress caused by accumulated intracistanal granules activates autophagy through a different signal pathway from unfolded protein response in exocrine pancreas cells of rats exposed to fluoride. Arch Toxicol. 83(2):151- 9. February.

PINEAL GLAND

Luke J. 1997. The effect of fluoride on the physiology of the pineal gland. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
NOTE: This PhD has not been accessible until 2008 when it was put online.
Available at

REPRODUCTIVE

Reproductive: FERTILITY (Rat)

Bataineh HN, Nusierb MK. 2006. Impact of 12-week ingestion of sodium fluoride on agression, sexual behavior, and fertility in adult male rats. Fluoride 39(4):293-301. October-December.
bataineh-2006.pdf

Gupta RS, Khan TI, Agrawal D, Kachhawa JB. 2007. The toxic effects of sodium fluoride on the reproductive system of male rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 23(9):507-13. October.

Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Del Razo LM. 2008. Decreased in vitro fertility in male rats exposed to fluoride-induced oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Aug 1;230(3):352-7.

Li Y, Zhu JY, Zhuang DG, Cheng XM. 2006. [Research in the relation between telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in spermatogenic cells and serum levels of estradiol of fluorotic rats] [Article in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2006 35(5):546-8. September.

Liu H, Niu R, Wang J, He Y, Wang J. 2008. Changes caused by fluoride and lead in energy metabolic enzyme activities in the reproductive system of male offspring rats. Fluoride 41(3):184- 191. July-September.
liu-2008.pdf

Pushpalatha T, Srinivas M, Sreenivasula Reddy P. 2005. Exposure to high fluoride concentration in drinking water will affect spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in male albino rats. Biometals. 18(3):207-12. June.

Reproductive: SPERM (MOUSE)

Dvorakova-Hortova K, Sandera M, Jursova M, Vasinova J, Peknicova J. 2008. 2008. The influence of fluorides on mouse sperm capacitation. Anim Reprod Sci. 108(1-2):157-70. October.

Reproductive: SPERM (RAT)

Wan S, Zhang J, Wang J. 2006. Fluoride-induced changes in the expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in testicular tissues of young male rats. Fluoride 39(2)121–125. April-June.
wan-2006.pdf

Wan SX, Zhang JH, Wang JD. 2006b. Effects of high fluoride on sperm quality and testicular histology in male rats. Fluoride 39(1)17–21. January-March.
wan-2006b.pdf

Reproductive: TESTES (RAT)

Huang C, Yang H, Niu R, Sun Z, Wang J. 2008. Effects of sodium fluoride on androgen receptor expression in male mice. Fluoride 41(1):10-17. January-March.
huang-2008.pdf

Jiang Q, Song XK, Cui QH, Chen LJ. 2007. [Effect of fluoride on expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in germ cells of rats’ testes] [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 25(2):96-9. February.

Reddy PS, Pushpalatha T, Reddy PS. 2007. Suppression of male reproduction in rats after exposure to sodium fluoride during early stages of development. Naturwissenschaften 94(7):607- 11. July.

(Sarkar) S, Maiti R, Ghosh D. 2006. Management of fluoride induced testicular disorders by calcium and vitamin-E co-administration in the albino rat. Reprod Toxicol. 22(4):606-12. November.

Zhang J, Liang C, Ma J, Niu R, Wang J. 2006. Effects of sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide on sperm motility and serum testosterone in male rats. Fluoride 39(2):126–131. April-June.
zhang.j-2006.pdf

Zhang J, Liang C, Ma J, Zhou B, Wang J. 2006. Changes in testes protein andmetabolic enzyme activities in rats induced by sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide. Fluoride 39(3)179-184. July-September.
zhang.j-2006b.pdf

SERUM CHOLINESTERASE

Moolenburgh H. 2008. Fluoride and serum cholinesterase. Letter. Fluoride 41(3): 227. July-September.
moolenburgh-2008.pdf

SEX SENSITIVE (Males): SKELETAL FLUOROSIS

Shashi A, Kumar M, Bhardwaj M. 2008. Incidence of skeletal deformities in endemic fluorosis. Trop Doct. 38(4):231-3. October.

Hussain J, Hussain I, Sharma KC. 2009. Fluoride and health hazards: community perception in a fluorotic area of central Rajasthan (India): an arid environment. Environ Monit Assess. Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]

SKELETAL FLUOROSIS

Bharati P, Kubakaddi A, Rao M, Naik RK. 2005. Clinical symptoms of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Gadag and Bagalkot Districts of Karnataka. J. Hum. Ecol., 18(2): 105-107.

Li W, Yang L, Ren Y, Yan X, Wang J. 2007. Quantification of rib COL1A2 gene expression in healthy and fluorosed Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Fluoride 40(1)13-18. January-March.
li-2007.pdf

SKELETAL FLUOROSIS: ARTHRITIC PAIN / PRE-CRIPPLING STAGE

Eichmiller FC, Eidelman N, Carey CM. 2005. Controlling the fluoride dosage in a patient with compromised salivary function. Journal of the American Dental Association 136:67-70.

Gupta RC, Kumar AN, Bandhu S, Gupta S. 2007. Skeletal fluorosis mimicking seronegative arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 36:2:154-155.

National Research Council. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA’s standards. National Academy Press, Washington DC.

Clinical Stage 2 skeletal fluorosis: “associated with chronic joint pain, arthritic
symptoms, calcification of ligaments, and osteosclerosis of cancellous bones …
the committee judges that stage II is more appropriately characterized as the first
stage at which the condition is adverse to health. Thus, this stage of the affliction
should also be considered in evaluating any proposed changes in drinking-water
standards for fluoride.” (pages 170-171)
Ref: http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11571&page=170

Sodium monofluorophosphate

Howard V. 2009. Commentary on the Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food concerning sodium monofluorophosphate as a source of fluoride added for nutritional purposes to food supplements (Question No EFSA-Q-2006-277, EFSA-Q- 2006-295). Adopted on 27th November 2008. January 21.
Available online at http://www.fluoridealert.org/howard.mfp.jan.2009.html

SULFURYL FLUORIDE:
Fumigant approved for Food BY US EPA

Sulfuryl fluoride: BRAIN EFFECTS

CA EPA (California Environmental Protection Agency). 2005.. Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane ®). Risk Characterization Document. Volume I. Health Risk Assessment. Final Draft. Medical Toxicology Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation,California Environmental Protection Agency. June 1.
cal-epa.2005.pdf

Wallace PE. 2006a. Motion of Objectors for stay of final rules establishing tolerances for residues of sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride anion. Before the Environmental Protection Agency. In Re Final Rules on Sulfuryl Fluoride Pesticide Residue Tolerances. Docket Nos. OPP-2005-0174; OPP-2003-0373. June.
wallace.2006a.pdf

Wallace PE. 2006b. Objector’s consolidated objections to final rules establishing tolerances for residues of sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride anion. Before the Environmental Protection Agency. In Re Final Rules on Sulfuryl Fluoride Pesticide Residue Tolerances. November.
wallace-2006b.pdf

Pesticide News 68 (UK) (2005). Sulfuryl fluoride kills bystander. Page 23. June. Available online http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/Issue/pn68/pn68p23b.htm

Sulfuryl fluoride: DEATH from Vikane fumigation. 37 year old woman in California. March 7, 2005.

County of San Diego (California). 2005. Office of the Medical Examiner. Amended Autopsy Report of Linh Da Willams. August 23.

Green K. 2005. Fault is disputed in death, gassing. Woman was inside a tented building. The San Diego Union-Tribune (California). March 10. Available online at http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/vkane.march.10.san.diego.html

Sulfuryl fluoride: DEATH from Vikane fumigation. 39 year old man in Germany.

Pesticide News 68 (UK) (2005). Sulfuryl fluoride kills bystander. Page 23. June.

Sulfuryl fluoride: FOOD TOLERANCES FOR FLUORIDE (U.S.)

Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project. 2005. Fluoride pesticide residue food tolerances approved by US EPA as of July 15. Available at http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluoride.tols.july.2005.html

Sulfuryl fluoride: METABOLISM

Mendrala AL, Markham DA, Eisenbrandt DL. 2005. Rapid uptake, metabolism, and elimination of inhaled sulfuryl fluoride fumigant by rats. Toxicological Sciences 86(2):239-247.

Sulfuryl fluoride: SUBMISSIONS TO US EPA

California Protection Agency. 2005.. Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane ®). Risk Characterization Document. Volume I. Health Risk Assessment. Final Draft. Medical Toxicology Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation,California Environmental Protection Agency. June 1.
cal-epa.2005.pdf

Connett E, Connett M, Connett P, Neurath C, Wiles R, Feldman J. e-2005. Issues for an evidentiary hearing concerning sulfuryl fluoride tolerances. Submission to USEPA by Fluoride Action Network, Environmental Working Group and Beyond Pesticides. December 15.
connett.e-2005.pdf

Hirzy JW. 2006. Letter to US EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson from The National Treasury Employees Union, Washington DC. July 25.
hirzy-2006.pdf

Kaufmann KR, Schreiber JS, Stasack J. 2006. Comments in support of motion for stay of effectiveness of tolerances for sulfuryl fluoride and fluoride [EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0174 and EPA- HQ-OPP-2003-0373]. Submission to US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs from New State Attorney General’s Office. Federal Register docket number EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0174-0085.1. August 4.
kaufmann-2006.pdf

Sulfuryl fluoride: US EPA DOCUMENTS

US EPA . 2004. Sulfuryl fluoride; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule. Federal Register. OPP-2003- 0373; FRL-7342-1. January 23. Available at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2004/January/Day-23/p1540.htm

US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Sulfuryl fluoride; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule. Federal Register. July 15. Available at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2005/July/Day-15/p13982.htm

US EPA (Environmental ProtectionAgency). 2006. Sulfuryl fluoride; request for stay of tolerances. OPP-2005-0174; FRL-7723-7. Federal Register. July 5. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2006/July/Day-05/p10454.htm

ALL DOCMENTS available online at

Sulfuryl fluoride: US EPA Health Risk Assessments
2006. January 18. Final HRA
2005. June 2. Draft HRA.
2004. January 20. HRA. Docket No. OPP-2003-0373-0002
2003. October 31. Second Report of the Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee. Docket No. OPP-2003-0373-0004
All reports available at http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/sf.documents.html

TERATOGEN

Krupanidhi S, Cherry KN. 2005. Teratogenicity due to fluoride. FASEB J 2005 19(4):A58. March.

Wu N, Zhao Z, Gao W, LiX. 2008. Behavioral teratology in rats exposed to fluoride. Fluoride 41(2):129-133. April-June.
wu.2008.pdf

THYROID

Bouaziz H, Soussia L, Guermazi F, Zeghal N. 2005. Fluoride-induced thyroid proliferative changes and their reversal in female mice and their pups. Fluoride 38(3):185–192.
bouaziz-2005.pdf

Gas’kov AIu, Savchenkov MF, Iushkov NN. 2005. [The specific features of the development of iodine deficiencies in children living under environmental pollution with fluorine compounds] [Article in Russian]. Gig Sanit. Nov-Dec;(6):53-5.
gaskov-2005.english.trans.pdf

Ge Y, Ning H, Wang S, Wang J. 2005b. DNA damage in thyroid gland cells of rats exposed to long-term intake of high fluoride and low iodine. Fluoride 38(4)318–323. November.
ge-2005b.pdf

Susheela AK, Bhatnagar M, Vig K, Mondal NK. 2005. Excess fluoride ingestion and thyroid hormone derangements in children living in Delhi, India. Fluoride 38(2):98–108.
susheela-2005.pdf

Wang H, Yang Z, Zhou B, Gao H, Yan X, Wang J. 2009. Fluoride-induced thyroid dysfunction in rats: roles of dietary protein and calcium level. Toxicol Ind Health. 25(1):49-57. February.

Zhan X, Li J, Wang M, Xu Z. 2006. Effects of fluoride on growth and thyroid function in young pigs. Fluoride 39(2)95–100. April-June.
zhan-2006.pdf

TISSUE DISTRIBUTION: AUTOPSY

Martinez MA, Ballesteros S, Piga FJ, Sánchez de la Torre C, Cubero CA. 2007. The tissue distribution of fluoride in a fatal case of self-poisoning. J Anal Toxicol. 31(8):526-33. October.

TOOTH DECAY TRENDS

Neurath C. 2005. Tooth decay trends in nonfluoridated and fluoridated countries. Fluoride 38(4):324–325. November.
neurath-2005.pdf

TOXICOLOGY OF FLUORIDE UP TO 2005

National Research Council. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA standards. National Academy Press, Washington DC.
Available to read and search online for free

PDF

Tags: FAN Submissions

our most valuable asset is you. with your help, we can create change.

fan newsletter

PART 1. List of fluoride studies by SUBJECT, published since 2004, and submitted to SCHER.