Abstract
Background and Aim: Human and animal studies linking fluoride with diminished intelligence have been published. Although adverse effects of high intake of fluoride on intelligence and mental acuity continue to be reported, they are still controversial. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and children’s intelligence.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 41 children were selected from the high fluoride area with 2.5mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water and 85 children were selected from low fluoride area with 0.4mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. The history of illnesses affecting the nervous system, head trauma, birth weight (>2.5kg or >2.5kg), residental history, age and sex of children were investigated by questionnaires completed by the children’s parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: In the high fluoride area the mean IQ of children (87.9±11) was significantly lower than in the low fluoride area (98.9±12.9) (P=0.025).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence.
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The effect of high levels of arsenic and fluoride on the development of children’s intelligence.
In the fields of toxicology, histology, physiology and biochemistry, numerous research and reports have already been conducted on the poisonous effect of arsenic poisoning, fluoride poisoning, as well as the combined effect of arsenic and fluoride poisoning. Progress has been made likewise in relevant medical treatment, clinical diagnosis and water clean-up prevention
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Dental fluorosis and urinary fluoride concentration as a reflection of fluoride exposure and its impact on IQ level and BMI of children of Laxmisagar, Simlapal Block of Bankura District, W.B., India
There has been growing public concern about intellectual performance of children at high levels of fluoride exposure. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Simlapal Block of Bankura District, West Bengal, to find out the relationship between fluoride (F) exposure as exposure dose (ED) with dental fluorosis (DF), urinary fluoride concentration
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Fluoride and its effect on human intelligence: a systematic review.
Objectives: A systematic review was undertaken to examine if fluoride (F-) exposure is associated with a decline in human intelligence (IQ). Materials and Methods: Ovid MEDLINE and its allied versions, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, CMR, HTA, and NHSEED, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, HealthSTAR, International
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Research on the intellectual ability of 6-14 year old students in an area with endemic fluoride poisoning
Using Chinese comparative testing, an investigation of the intellectual abilities of students at Hongwu Elementary School (Ankang city, Shaanxi province) was carried out; with the subjects coming from an area that has drinking water-related endemic fluoride poisoning, and the control selected from among students who live in non-endemic areas but
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Level of fluoride and arsenic in household shallow well water in Wamiao and Xinhuai villages in Jiangsu Province, China
After previously excluding iodine and lead as confounding factors, the aim of the present study, conducted in June 2013, was to consider whether arsenic was a confounding factor in the studies of children’s intelligence in Wamiao and Xinhuai. Fluoride and arsenic levels were measured in water samples from the 37
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