Abstract
Background and Aim: Human and animal studies linking fluoride with diminished intelligence have been published. Although adverse effects of high intake of fluoride on intelligence and mental acuity continue to be reported, they are still controversial. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and children’s intelligence.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 41 children were selected from the high fluoride area with 2.5mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water and 85 children were selected from low fluoride area with 0.4mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. The history of illnesses affecting the nervous system, head trauma, birth weight (>2.5kg or >2.5kg), residental history, age and sex of children were investigated by questionnaires completed by the children’s parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: In the high fluoride area the mean IQ of children (87.9±11) was significantly lower than in the low fluoride area (98.9±12.9) (P=0.025).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence.
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Research on the intellectual ability of 6-14 year old students in an area with endemic fluoride poisoning
Using Chinese comparative testing, an investigation of the intellectual abilities of students at Hongwu Elementary School (Ankang city, Shaanxi province) was carried out; with the subjects coming from an area that has drinking water-related endemic fluoride poisoning, and the control selected from among students who live in non-endemic areas but
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The cholinergic system, intelligence, and dental fluorosis in school-aged children with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure.
Highlights Low-to-moderate fluoride was associated with alterations of cholinergic system. The prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) was related to cholinergic system. AChE was negatively associated with children’s intelligence quotient (IQ). AChE mediates association of fluoride with DF prevalence and lower odds of IQ > 120. DF and IQ were
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A cross-sectional study to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) of school going children aged 10-12 years in villages of Mysore district, India with different fluoride levels.
Introduction: Besides dental and skeletal fluorosis, excessive fluoride intake can also affect the central nervous system without first causing the physical deformities associated with skeletal fluorosis. With the existence of widespread endemic fluorosis in India, the possible adverse effect of elevated fluoride in drinking water on the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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Do methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 polymorphisms modify changes in intelligence of school-age children in areas of endemic fluorosis?
Background: Excessive exposure to fluoride can reduce intelligence. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (MTHFD1) polymorphisms have important roles in neurodevelopment. However, the association of MTHFD1 polymorphisms with children's intelligence changes in endemic fluorosis areas has been rarely explored. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools in
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DRAFT NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects
This DRAFT Monograph is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review and does not represent and should not be construed to represent any NTP determination or policy. Background: Previous reviews of epidemiological studies, including a 2006 evaluation by the National Research Council (NRC), found support for an association between
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