Abstract
Background and Aim: Human and animal studies linking fluoride with diminished intelligence have been published. Although adverse effects of high intake of fluoride on intelligence and mental acuity continue to be reported, they are still controversial. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and children’s intelligence.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 41 children were selected from the high fluoride area with 2.5mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water and 85 children were selected from low fluoride area with 0.4mg/l (ppm) fluoride in the drinking water. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of each child was measured by the Raven’s test. The history of illnesses affecting the nervous system, head trauma, birth weight (>2.5kg or >2.5kg), residental history, age and sex of children were investigated by questionnaires completed by the children’s parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: In the high fluoride area the mean IQ of children (87.9±11) was significantly lower than in the low fluoride area (98.9±12.9) (P=0.025).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence.
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Analysis on TSH and intelligence level of children with dental fluorosis in a high fluoride area.
Fluoride is one of the indispensable elements for the living being. Excess amounts of fluoride, however, may damage the teeth and bones. Fluoride may also injure the body’s soft tissues, resulting in nonskeletal fluorosis. To further investigate the influence of endemic fluorosis on childhood thyroid function and intelligence, we have selected school-aged children inflicted with dental fluorosis
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Fluoride exposure and intelligence in school-age children: evidence from different windows of exposure susceptibility.
Study Retracted on November 8, 2022. Retraction Note: BMC Public Health 20, 1657 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09765-4 The Editor has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding the data analysis and conclusions in the paper. The authors have provided raw data, and post-publication review found inconsistencies in methodology and major misinterpretation of the
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Report on the intellectual ability of children living in high-fluoride water areas
Note from Fluoride Action Network: This is a duplicate study of Lu et al. (2000). SUMMARY: Sixty children, aged 10 to 12, were randomly selected for IQ testing from an area with high fluoride (3.15 mg F/L) in the drinking water along with 58 control children of the same age from a nearby low fluoride
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The adverse effect of fluoride on children's intelligence: A systematic review.
The authors conducted a systematic review on published studies to date to investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on children's intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. PSYCHINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SCI, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) search engines were employed for all documents published up to 2012, in English
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Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure through drinking water and their impacts on intelligence and oxidative stress among rural school-aged children of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan.
Arsenic (As), and fluoride (F-) are potent contaminants with established carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts on the exposed populations globally. Despite elevated groundwater As and F- levels being reported from various regions of Pakistan no biomonitoring study has been reported yet to address the co-exposure impact of As and F- among
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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