Abstract
The intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured in 190 school-age children, 12–13 years old, residing in two village areas of India with similar educational and socioeconomic conditions but differing in fluoride (F) concentration in the drinking water. The children in the high F area (drinking water F 5.55±0.41 mg/L) had higher urinary F levels (6.13± 0.67 mg/L) than the children in the lower F area (drinking water F 2.01±0.09 mg/L; urinary F levels 2.30±0.28 mg/L). The mean IQ score of the 89 children in the high F area was significantly lower (91.72±1.13), than that of the 101 children in lower F area (104.44±1.23). A significant inverse relationship was also present between IQ and the urinary F level. In agreement with other studies elsewhere, these findings indicate that children drinking high F water are at risk for impaired development of intelligence
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Threshold effects of moderately excessive fluoride exposure on children's health: A potential association between dental fluorosis and loss of excellent intelligence.
Highlights Childhood fluoride exposure was inversely associated with dental health and IQ. Threshold and saturation effects for aforementioned associations existed. Moderate fluoride exposure was mainly related to excellent intelligence loss. Dental fluorosis may be useful to reflect excellent intelligence loss. BACKGROUND: Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes, but
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Thyroid function, intelligence, and low-moderate fluoride exposure among Chinese school-age children.
Highlights Low-moderate fluoride was related to alterations in childhood thyroid function. Fluoride exposure was associated with a decrease in children’s intelligence. TT3, FT3 were positively related to the odds of developing high normal intelligence. TSH may modify the association of fluoride with children’s intelligence. Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for
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Effect of high-fluoride water supply on children’s intelligence.
In Shanxi Province, China, children living in the endemic fluoride village of Sima (water supply F = 4.12 mg/L) located near Xiaoyi City had average IQ (97.69) significantly lower (p < 0.02) than children living to the north in the nonendemic village of Xinghua (F = 0.91 mg/L; average IQ = 105.21). These differences were not
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Association between low fluoride exposure and children's intelligence: a meta-analysis relevant to community water fluoridation
Objectives Previous meta-analyses have mainly focused on studies conducted in endemic fluorosis areas with relatively high fluoride concentrations. These are impoverished rural communities in China, India, and Iran, and the findings cannot be generalised to developed countries. Therefore, we investigated the association between fluoride concentrations relevant to community water fluoridation and children's cognition measured with
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Prenatal exposure to fluoride and neuropsychological development in early childhood: 1-to 4 years old children.
Highlights Maternal fluoride levels were associated with better cognitive scores in childhood. The neuropsychological association is gender dependent; only seen in boys. Positive associations do not disappear after adjustment by different covariates. A potential positive neuropsychological association at low fluoride levels cannot be excluded. Background Cross-sectional and prospective studies have provided
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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