Abstract
Effects of fluoride (F) on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity levels in the hippocampus and neocortex were studied in 6- to 7-week-old female Wistar rats in five groups of six administered intraperitoneal doses of NaF in physiological saline over the range of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg NaF/kg bw/day for 14 days. Body weight and brain index decreased significantly (p <0.05) as F levels increased in the hippocampus and neocortex. Activities of the free radical enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) likewise decreased significantly (p<0.05), whereas the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) increased compared with those of the control group. The enzymes of secondary signaling, protein kinase C (PKC) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), also increased compared with the control. Dopamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels likewise increased, whereas norepinephrine and epinephrine levels decreased. The NaF administered groups showed dose-dependent responses with more significant effects in the two higher dosage groups. Although NaF treatment produced significant neurochemical alterations in both the hippocampus and neocortex, there was not much difference in the degree of effects in the two organs.
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Effect of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rats.
Background: Structural brain abnormalities in newborn animals after prolonged exposure to all routinely used general anaesthetics have raised substantial concerns for similar effects occurring in millions of children undergoing surgeries annually. Combining a general anaesthetic with non-injurious sedatives may provide a safer anaesthetic technique. We tested dexmedetomidine as a mitigating
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Effects of chronic fluoride exposure on object recognition memory and mRNA expression of SNARE complex in hippocampus of male mice
This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term fluoride exposure on object recognition memory and mRNA expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2), and syntaxin 1A) in the hippocampus of male mice. Sixty sexually matured
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Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Fluorosis-Induced Neurotoxicity by Regulating Hippocampal Glycolysis In Vivo.
Fluorosis can induce neurotoxicity. Sodium butyrate (SB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has important research potential in correcting glucose metabolism disorders and is widely used in a variety of neurological diseases and metabolic diseases, but it is not yet known whether it plays a role in combating fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. This study
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Effect of fluoride on express of cytokines in the hippocampus of adult rats
To investigate the effects of fluoride on the expression levels of cytokines in the rat hippocampus, 60 adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats each, whose drinking water contained: (1) double distilled water (the control group); (2) 25 mg sodium fluoride (NaF)/L, (11.3 mg
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Effects of fluoride on neurotransmitters in brain regions of rats exposed to fluoride in drinking water for two months
Fluoride has long been known as an environmental pollutant. Toxic neurological effects of fluoride have been reported in experimental animals by oral exposure to fluoride, but effects on neural transmitters are not clear. Adult male rats were administered fluoride via their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm (as fluoride
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
• As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies which reported an association of reduced IQ with exposure
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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