Abstract
To assess brain cell apoptosis induced by high fluoride and/or low iodine in their offspring, 32 one-month old Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups, each with six females and two males. The first group of rats served as the untreated controls; the second group received high fluoride (HiF) in their drinking water (100 mg NaF/L); the third group was placed on a low iodine (LI) diet (0.0855 mg I/kg); and the fourth group was exposed to the same concentrations of HiF and LI together. After the animal model was established, the rats were allowed to breed, and 36 offspring rats in each group were randomly selected for the experiments. The treatment for these second generation rats was the same as for their parents. At 0, 10, 30, 60, and 90 days after birth, these offspring rats were anesthetized and their brain cells prepared for flow cytometry. In comparison with the controls, the percent of brain cell apoptosis in the offspring rats in the three treated groups was obviously higher, especially in the HiF+LI group. With aging, brain cell apoptosis increased gradually in every group before the 30-day mark. These results indicate that cell apoptosis may play an important role in brain function affected by exposure to HiF, LI, and HiF+LI.
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Proteomic analysis of brain proteins of rats exposed to high fluoride and low iodine.
Epidemiological investigations reveal that high fluoride and low iodine have strong adverse effects on the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children. Studies also report that in some high fluoride areas, iodine deficiency also exists, especially in China. Here, with the proteomic techniques, we first report on the proteomic changes in brain
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Comet assay of DNA damage in brain cells of adult rats exposed to high fluoride and low iodine.
Thirty-two one-month-old Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups of eight (female:male = 3:1). To assess damage to DNA in their brain cells, the first group (1) of rats served as the untreated control, the second group (2) was administered high fluoride (HiF, 100 mg NaF/L in the drinking water), the third group
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[Effects of high fluoride and low Iodine on learning-memory and TchE of brain in offspring rats].
Objective To study the effect of high level fluoride and low level iodine on learning-memory in offspring rats and possible mechanism. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups each of eight (female:male=(3:1).) The rats were treated with high fluoride (100 and 150 mg NaF/L), low iodine (0.0855 mg/kg),
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[Influence of combined iodine and fluoride on phospholipid and fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats].
OBJECTIVE: Investigating the influence of combined iodine and fluoride on phospholipid and fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats. METHODS: Five groups of rats were provided with deionized drinking water containing 0 and 150 mg/L NaF, and containing both 150 mg/L NaF and 0.003, 0.03 or 3 mg/L KI respectively
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Neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid and ginkgo biloba against fluoride caused neurotoxicity
Excessive consumption of fluoride through drinking water or other sources lead to skeletal and dental fluorosis. According to the world health organization 23 nations are facing the problem of fluorosis. In the recent past researchers describe the non-skeletal fluorosis where soft tissues and major organs are the victims of fluoride
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure
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The Relationship Between Fluoride Exposure & Goitre in South Africa
As a general rule simple goitre, irrespective of the cause, can be very, or fairly, satisfactorily combated by an adequate increase in man's daily iodine intake, except when the enlargement of the gland is due to the ingestion of excessive amounts of fluorine. The only correct solution to fluorine-induced endemic goitre is the removal of this element from the drinking water.
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride Exposure Increases Metabolic Requirement for Magnesium
Fluoride's toxicity is significantly enhanced in the presence of nutritional deficiencies. Similarly, fluoride exposure increases the body's requirement for certain nutrients. An individual with a high intake of fluoride, for example, will need a proportional increase in calcium to avoid the mineralization defects (e.g., osteomalacia) that fluoride causes to bone
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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