Abstract
Reaction with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to investigate in vitro stimulatory (hormesis) effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on kidney cells collected from three-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The cell cultures were exposed to incremental concentrations of NaF ranging from of 0 (control) to 160 ?mol/L and from 500 to 16,000 ?mol/L. The mean optical density (OD) ± SD decreased from the control value of 0.591±0.119 to a minimum of 0.468±0.065 at 20 ?mol NaF/L before returning to the control level near 160 ?mol/L. At 500 ?mol/L the OD was 0.545±0.066, after which it decreased monotonically to 0.387±0.046 at 4000 ?mol/L, with cell death being complete at 16,000 ?mol/L. These results indicate that 20 ?mol/L is the lowest concentration at which a stimulatory (hormesis) effect of NaF is observed in kidney cell cultures of very young rats. In addition, results of flow cytometry and RNA detection confirmed these MTT findings.
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Changes in the metabolism of glucose and calcium following a single large dose of fluoride to rats
Serum glucose level was elevated immediately after ip administration of a single large dose of fluoride (NaF 35 mg/kg) to rats. The elevation of serum glucose was markedly suppressed by adrenalectomy, dibenamine or propranolol, but not by thyroid-parathyroidectomy. Elevation of serum glucose was found to be associated with enhancement of
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Pathological changes in the tissues of rats (albino) and monkeys (macaca radiata) in fluorine toxicosis
1. Stomach, duodenum, small intestine, kidney, liver, spleen, skin, heart, aorta, lungs, brain, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid and parathyroid of rats and monkeys suffering from chronic fluorosis have been histologically examined. 2. Fluorine has not been found to have any effect on the heart muscle, aorta, skin and parathyroids, whereas it has
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Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study. XIII. Pediatric findings after ten years
The onset of menstruation in girls was selected as an index of the rate of sexual maturation, since the menarche is an event which is usually readily dated. The distribution of ages at the nearest birthday at which menstruation first occurred is shown in Table 5. The average age at
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Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride or sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity
This study describes alterations in the nervous system resulting from chronic administration of the fluoroaluminum complex (AlF3) or equivalent levels of fluoride (F) in the form of sodium-fluoride (NaF). Twenty seven adult male Long-Evans rats were administered one of three treatments for 52 weeks: the control group was administered double
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Toxicokinetics and metabolism deteriorated by acute nephrotoxicity after a single intravenous injection of hydrofluoric acid in rats
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the early dynamic state of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) in blood and urine as a model of accidental occupational exposure to a subtoxic dose of HFA. It was also aimed at determining the relationship between the kinetics and harmful effects of HFA on the
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Fluoridation of drinking water and chronic kidney disease: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
A fairly substantial body of research indicates that patients with chronic renal insufficiency are at an increased risk of chronic fluoride toxicity. Patients with reduced glomerular filtration rates have a decreased ability to excrete fluoride in the urine. These patients may develop skeletal fluorosis even at 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water.
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Fluoride Gels & Kidney Function
Scientists have found that the application of "Fluoride Gels" at the dental office causes very high spikes in the blood fluoride level. The high spikes in blood fluoride levels are a result of three factors: the high concentration of fluoride in the gel (= 12.3 mg of fluoride in each
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Fluoride & Kidney Stones
It has long been suspected that fluoride may contribute to the formation of kidney stones. This suspicion has recently gained support from a study of an American man with skeletal fluorosis. According to the authors: "A new, important, medical problem (that seemed temporally related to cessation of fluoride exposure and subsequent negative calcium
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Fluoride as a Cause of Kidney Disease in Humans
Because the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues (with the exception of the pineal gland), there is concern that excess fluoride exposure may contribute to kidney disease - thus initiating a "vicious cycle" where the damaged kidneys increase the accumulation of fluoride, causing
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Kidney: A potential target for fluoride toxicity
The kidneys are the organ responsible for clearing fluoride from the body. In the process of doing so, the kidneys are exposed to concentrations of fluoride that exceed, by a factor of 50, the concentration of fluoride in human blood. As such, the kidney have long been considered a potential
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