Abstract
Thirty-two one-month-old Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups of eight (female:male = 3:1). To assess damage to DNA in their thyroid gland cells, the first group (1) of rats served as the untreated control, the second group (2) was administered a high concentraiton of fluoride (HiF, 100 mg NaF/L [45 mg F–/L] in their drinking water), the third group (3) was placed on a low iodine intake (LI, 0.0855 mg I/kg diet), and the fourth group (4) was exposed to the high fluoride and low iodine treatment combined (HiF+LI). At 20 months of age, the rats were sacrificed for experimental purpose and their thyroid gland cells were removed for single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE = comet assay). In comparison with DNA damage in the LI, HiF, and HiF+LI groups 2, 3, and 4, was 83.50 ± 10.20%, 83.03 ± 12.11%, and 89.32 ± 8.21%, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of gtrade III thyroid gland cell damage increased by 32.26% in group 2, 47.83% in group 3, and 69.23% in group 4, as compared to the control group 1. These findings indicate that excessive long-term intake of fluoride, with or without adequate I intake, is a significant risk factor for the development of thyroid dysfunction.
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Long-term effects of various iodine and fluorine doses on the thyroid and fluorosis in mice
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the participation of the independent and combined long term effect of various concentrations of iodine and fluorine on the pathogenesis of goiter and fluorosis in mice. METHODS: Nine drinking water supplies with different iodine and fluorine content were prepared by combination of potassium iodate and sodium fluoride solutions in bidistilled
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Synergistic action of iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid.
212 Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups, each of which was fed on one of the following regimes: (1) Normal iodine and fluorine; (2) normal iodine, 10 ppm fluorine; (3) normal iodine, 30 ppm fluorine; (4) now iodine, normal fluorine; (5) low iodine, 10 ppm fluorine. The experiment
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The effects of high levels of fluoride and iodine on intellectual ability and the metabolism of fluoride and iodine.
The authors carried out a study on the intellectual abilities and fluoride/iodine metabolism of children living in a high fluoride-high iodine area. Among the results: the percentage of the general population living in this fluoride/iodine-contaminated region that suffered from goiter (clinical thyroid enlargement) was 3.8%, the rate of children already showing some thyroid
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[Thyroid gland pathology in children population exposed to the combination of iodine deficiency and fluoride pollution of environment].
The article presents results of study of the impact of iodine deficiency and technogenic fluoride on the state of the thyroid gland in children. On the example of two districts of the city of Bratsk there were executed dynamic investigations (2002 and 2012), including the estimation of the pollution of
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Goitre in school girls of the Mewat area of Haryana
A survey was carried out on 5449 school girls aged 10-16 years in the Mewat area of Haryana for goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was nearly 29.5%. Thus goitre was a public health problem in the region. Analysis of the water sources in the study population used for drinking
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Nutrient Deficiencies Enhance Fluoride Toxicity
It has been known since the 1930s that poor nutrition enhances the toxicity of fluoride. As discussed below, nutrient deficiencies have been specifically linked to increased susceptibility to fluoride-induced tooth damage (dental fluorosis), bone damage (osteomalacia), neurotoxicity (reduced intelligence), and mutagenicity. The nutrients of primary importance appear to be calcium,
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Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency
A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and
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Fluorine in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre
The distribution of endemic goitre in the Punjab and in England is related to the geological distribution of fluorine and to the distribution of human dental fluorosis (mottled enamel). Inquiry showed the presence of dental fluorosis among school-children in two areas of Somerset where two previous observers had recorded a high incidence of goitre, and the absence of dental fluorosis in an adjoining area selected as control where endemic goitre was absent.
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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The Relationship Between Fluoride Exposure & Goitre in South Africa
As a general rule simple goitre, irrespective of the cause, can be very, or fairly, satisfactorily combated by an adequate increase in man's daily iodine intake, except when the enlargement of the gland is due to the ingestion of excessive amounts of fluorine. The only correct solution to fluorine-induced endemic goitre is the removal of this element from the drinking water.
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