Abstract
Bone mass and architecture in appendicular and most axial sites is controlled primarily by the tissue-loading history. We introduce a conceptual framework for understanding how fluoride treatment alters this control and can cause systemic increases in bone mass. Due to possible adverse influences of fluoride on the mineralized tissue physical characteristics, however, the increase in bone mass does not necessarily result in an increase in bone strength. Using engineering analyses of bone trabeculae, we calculate the losses in trabecular strength which can be caused by the presence of hypomineralized or hypermineralized fluorotic tissue. Significant increases in bone volume fraction and bone mass may be required to overcome these strength deficits.
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Osteoporosis Treatments Affect Bone Matrix Maturation in a Rat Model of Induced Cortical Remodeling.
The example of sodium fluoride (NaF) clearly demonstrates an instance where increasing bone mass while altering maturation can negatively affect drug efficacy. NaF was a promising osteoporosis treatment because it increased BMD.5 However, it became evident that the treated patients were at increased risk of fracture,6, 7 which was later
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Water fluoridation and osteoporotic fracture.
Osteoporotic fractures constitute a major public health problem. These fractures typically occur at the hip, spine and distal forearm. Their pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with contributions from both bone strength and trauma. Water fluoridation has been widely proposed for its dental health benefits, but concerns have been raised about the balance
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The relationship of bone mass and fracture history to fluoride and calcium intake: a study of three communities
Stimulated by the suggestion that water fluoride greater than 1 mg/L may protect against osteoporosis, we studied bone mass of women in three rural communities with differing mineral content of the water supply. Mean fluoride and calcium of community drinking waters were 4 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively, high fluoride
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Community water fluoridation, bone mineral density, and fractures: prospective study of effects in older women
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fluoridation influences bone mineral density and fractures in older women. DESIGN: Multicentre prospective study on risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. SETTING: Four community based centres in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: 9704 ambulatory women without bilateral hip replacements enrolled during 1986-8; 7129 provided information on exposure to fluoride. MAIN
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Drinking water fluoridation: bone mineral density and hip fracture incidence
The role of drinking water fluoride content for prevention of osteoporosis remains controversial. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of drinking water fluoridation on the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in two different communities in eastern Germany: in Chemnitz, drinking water was fluoridated (1 mg/L) over
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Fluoride in Water & Bone Fracture
Current epidemiological evidence indicates that the margin of safety between the level of fluoride in water that does, and does not, increase the risk of fracture is insufficiently large to protect all members of society from fluoride-induced damage to bone.
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In Vitro Studies on Fluoride & Bone Strength
The "in vitro" research on fluoride and bone strength confirms what has repeatedly been found in animal and human studies: the more fluoride a bone has, the weaker the bone becomes. In an in vitro bone study, the researcher directly exposes a human or animal bone to a fluoride solution
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Fluoride & Spontaneous Hip Fractures in Osteoporosis Patients
Due to its ability to increase vertebral bone mass, fluoride has been used as an experimental treatment for osteoporosis (doses > 20 mg/day). Fluoride treatment, however, proved far more harmful than beneficial. Not only was fluoride therapy shown to increase fracture rates among the treated patients, it was also found to
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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