Abstract
Chronic exposure of humans to fluorine compounds in the air, water and food may be atherogenic via the activation of oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The most important factor that promotes the formation of ROS seems to be the oxidoreduction of electron carriers in the critical points of the respiratory chain, which depends, among other things, on the cellular demand for ATP. This paper examines the effect of fluorides in concentrations determined in human serum on the intracellular synthesis of ROS, the activity of the respiratory chain enzymes and the synthesis of ATP via oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation. The incubation of macrophages in fluoride solutions significantly decreased the amount of synthesized cellular ATP and increased formation of ROS and apoptosis in a dose-dependent pattern. The addition of respiratory chain inhibitors resulted in a significant decrease in the synthesized ROS. Sodium fluoride probably promotes oxidative stress in macrophages, which is manifested by a strong increase in ROS synthesis and a decrease in ATP. We suppose that fluoride may destabilize the action of respiratory chain. Our results indicate that the respiratory chain is the main site of ROS synthesis. One cannot exclude the stimulating role of fluorine compounds on the formation of ROS that is independent of the respiratory chain.
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Fluoride and generation of pro-inflammatory factors in human macrophages
Fluorosis from excessive exposure to fluoride can result in inflammatory reactions involving macrophages and their differentiation, a process that is rapidly followed by generation of prostanoids—products of arachidonic acid metabolism, including the pro-inflammatory factors prostaglandin PGE2 and thromboxane TXA2, which are implicated in atherogenesis and rapidly increase during acute inflammation. This paper examines the effect
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Analysis of x-ray heart areas of 30 patients with endemic fluorosis
I. Targets and methods Based on diagnosis standards formulated at the 1981 Shijiazhuang National Prevention of Endemic Fluorosis Meeting, 30 patients were chosen, 15 men and 15 women with an average age of 45, average height of 1.63 meters, and average weight of 54 kilograms, and all with clinical diagnoses
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Fluoride in low concentration modifies expression and activity of 15 lipoxygenase in human PBMC differentiated monocyte/macrophage
Epidemiological and experimental evidences demonstrate positive correlation between environmental and occupational fluoride exposure and risk to various cardio-respiratory disorders. Therefore we decided to examine the effect of fluorides on activity and expression of 15LOX enzyme which is implicated in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators. Expression of 15LOX-1 and -2 enzymes mRNA
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Review of the Bartlett-Cameron survey: a ten year fluoride study.
Analysis of the data produced the following conclusions: 1. As was expected, dental fluorosis was significantly greater in Bartlett than in Cameron (all of the participants born and in continuous residence in Bartlett during the tooth formative period exhibited positive evidence of dental fluorosis). 2. The incidence of cardiovascular disease was higher
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[Chronic fluoride intoxication as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis]
In workers employed in the aluminum industry, the main harmful production factor is exposure to fluoride salts, which can cause chronic fluoride intoxication. For the assessment of the impact of chronic fluoride intoxication on the development of atherosclerosis, we conducted a comprehensive survey of 87 aluminum-metal makers with chronic fluoride
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Fluoride & the Immune System - Summation from the US National Research Council (2006)
“There is no question that fluoride can affect the cells involved in providing immune responses. The question is what proportion, if any, of the population consuming drinking water containing fluoride at 4.0 mg/L on a regular basis will have their immune systems compromised? Not a single epidemiologic study has investigated whether fluoride in the drinking water at 4 mg/L is associated with changes in immune function. Nor has any study examined whether a person with an immunodeficiency disease can tolerate fluoride ingestion from drinking water.”
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Fluoride & Electrocardiogram Abnormalities
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. An ECG can reveal heart rate, heart rhythym (i.e. steady or irregular), and the strength and timing of the heart’s natural electrical signals. ECGs are described in terms of “waves” (e.g. amplitude and duration). Problems
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Does Fluoride Ingestion Affect Developing Immune System Cells?
Considerations, supported by some published experimental evidence, suggest that fluoride released during the resorption of high-fluoride bone may produce detrimental effects not only on bone cells but on developing cells of the immune system.
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Fluoride & Myocardial Damage
Structural damage to the heart resulting from fluoride toxicity has been observed in numerous human and animal studies. The general features of this damage include cloudy swelling, vacuolization or vacuolar degeneration, hemorrhages, interstitial edema, fibrous necrosis, dissolution of nuclei, and thickening of the vessel walls in the heart muscle (Basha
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Fluoride & Arteriosclerosis
Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, allowing efficient transfer of blood and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body. Arteriosclerosis refers to a stiffening of the arteries, including loss of elasticity. This is a slow, progressive disease that may begin early in life from damage to the
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