Abstract
We have assessed whether the combined exposure to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) exerts a different effect than the exposure to As alone on the pattern of expression of apoptosis and inflammatory genes by immune cells. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from twenty individuals exposed or not to As or F or both. Then, cDNA was isolated, and the expression of 180 genes related to apoptosis and inflammation was tested by a cDNA array test. We found significant differences in the expression of 9 apoptosis and 15 inflammation genes in the three exposed groups compared to non-exposed individuals. In addition, subjects exposed to As or F or both showed different patterns of expression of at least 19 genes. Our data indicate that the combined exposure to As and F has a different effect on gene expression than the exposure to As or F alone.
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Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure affects the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory genes and proteins in mononuclear cells from children
Humans may be exposed to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) through water consumption. However, the interaction between these two elements and gene expression in apoptosis or inflammatory processes in children has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, the expression of cIAP-1, XIAP, TNF-?, ENA-78, survivin, CD25, and CD40 was evaluated by
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Effects of individual and combined exposure to sodium arsenite and sodium fluoride on tissue oxidative stress, arsenic and fluoride levels in male mice.
Arsenic and fluoride are potent toxicants, widely distributed through drinking water and food and often result in adverse health effects. The present study examined the effects of sodium meta-arsenite (100 mg/l in drinking water) and sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg, oral, once daily), administered either alone or in combination for 8
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Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins give protection from arsenic and fluoride-induced adverse changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in rats
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride (F) and arsenic (As) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a critically important nervous system enzyme, and to test the protective role of buffalo epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) in rats. Arsenic (20 mg/kg BW, intraperitoneally) and F (150
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Arsenic and fluoride induce apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Excessive amount of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and fluoride (F) coexist in drinking water in many regions, which is associated with high risk of vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well studied. The present study was to evaluate the effects of iAs and F individual or combined exposure on endothelial activation
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Apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children exposed to arsenic and fluoride
In this study, we evaluated apoptosis induction in human immune cells in children exposed to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F). Children living in two areas in Mexico (Soledad de Graciano Sanchez (SGS) in San Luis Potosí and Colonia 5 de Febrero in Durango) were studied. Water, urine and blood samples
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Does Fluoride Ingestion Affect Developing Immune System Cells?
Considerations, supported by some published experimental evidence, suggest that fluoride released during the resorption of high-fluoride bone may produce detrimental effects not only on bone cells but on developing cells of the immune system.
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Is the Ingestion of Fluoride an Immunosuppressive Practice?
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Fluoride & the Immune System - Summation from the US National Research Council (2006)
“There is no question that fluoride can affect the cells involved in providing immune responses. The question is what proportion, if any, of the population consuming drinking water containing fluoride at 4.0 mg/L on a regular basis will have their immune systems compromised? Not a single epidemiologic study has investigated whether fluoride in the drinking water at 4 mg/L is associated with changes in immune function. Nor has any study examined whether a person with an immunodeficiency disease can tolerate fluoride ingestion from drinking water.”
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