Abstract
Wistar albino rats were exposed to 30 or 100 ppm fluoride (as NaF) in drinking water during their fetal, weanling, and post-weaning stages until the age of ten weeks. Rats exposed to 30 ppm fluoride did not show any notable alterations in brain histology, whereas rats exposed to 100 ppm fluoride showed significant neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus, amygdala, motor cortex, and cerebellum. Changes included decrease in size and number of neurons in all the regions, decrease in the number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, and signs of chromatolysis and gliosis in the motor cortex. These histological changes suggest a toxic effect of high-fluoride intake during the early developing stages of life on the growth, differentiation, and subcellular organization of brain cells in rats.
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Effects of fluoride on neurotransmitters in brain regions of rats exposed to fluoride in drinking water for two months
Fluoride has long been known as an environmental pollutant. Toxic neurological effects of fluoride have been reported in experimental animals by oral exposure to fluoride, but effects on neural transmitters are not clear. Adult male rats were administered fluoride via their drinking water at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm (as fluoride
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Excessive ER stress and the resulting autophagic flux dysfunction contribute to fluoride-induced neurotoxicity.
Highlights Excessive ER stress plays an important role in NaF-induced neurotoxicity. NaF-induced neuronal death is caused by ER stress-elicited apoptosis and the impaired autophagic flux. Impaired autophagic flux was mediated by excessive ER stress in NaF-induced neurotoxicity. Fluoride is capable of inducing neurotoxicity, but its mechanisms remain elusive. This study
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Effect of fluoride on express of cytokines in the hippocampus of adult rats
To investigate the effects of fluoride on the expression levels of cytokines in the rat hippocampus, 60 adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of 15 rats each, whose drinking water contained: (1) double distilled water (the control group); (2) 25 mg sodium fluoride (NaF)/L, (11.3 mg
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Reduction of CAMKII expression in the hippocampus of rats from ingestion of fluoride and/or lead.
Co-existing as environmental pollutants in certain areas of China where lead (Pb) is mined, fluoride (F) and Pb pose serious risks to the human central nervous system (CNS). Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) expression, which is involved in the process of learning and memory, has an important role in CNS
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Fluoride activates microglia, secretes inflammatory factors and influences synaptic neuron plasticity in the hippocampus of rats.
Epidemiological studies have reported that highly fluoridated drinking water may significantly decrease the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of exposed children. It is thought that synaptic plasticity is the basis of learning and memory skills in developing children. However, the effect on synaptic plasticity by activated microglia induced via fluoride treatment is
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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