Abstract
Experimental sodium fluoride (NaF) up 10 30 times the level recommended In drinking waler (1 ppm) was compared with an inorganic salt for its ability to induce chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured human lymphocytes. An increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations but not of SCE was found.
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Mutual interactions among ingredients of betel quid in inducing genotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary cells
The purpose of this study is to explore the mutual interactions among the chemical ingredients of betel quid including arecoline, sodium fluoride, catechin and glycyrrhizin in producing genotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using the micronucleus method. Our results show that arecoline at a rather low concentration of 0.2-2
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Extrapolation from in vitro tests to human risk: experience with sodium fluoride clastogenicity
Genotoxic effects observed in vitro, only at high doses or high levels of cytotoxicity, will be false positives if such conditions are not achieved or cannot be tolerated in vivo. However, for such effects to be disregarded there must be a threshold dose or level of cytotoxicity below which genotoxicity
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Cytogenetic effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on human and animal cells in vivo and in vitro
The object of this study was the mutagenic effect of hydrogen fluoride, cryolite and their mixtures on chromosomes of cells of animals subjected to the inhalation of these compounds and also the mutagenic effect of sodium fluoride on cells of human leucocyte cultures. An increase from 1.24 (in the control) to
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Evaluation of multi-endpoint assay to detect genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice exposed to sodium fluoride
Fluoride compounds are naturally present in soil, water and food. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotoxic and oxidative damage induced by chronic fluoride exposure on mammalian cells in vivo. For this purpose, the genotoxic potential was investigated in bone marrow cells by the micronucleus test, chromosome
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Micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange frequency in endemic fluorosis
Inhabitants of the Hohhot Region in Inner Mongolia who drink high-fluoride (4-15 mg/L) water were compared for their micronucleus (MN) rate and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. In persons with fluorosis as well as those considered "healthy", the MN rafe and SCE frequency were significantly
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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Fluoride/Osteosarcoma Link Is Biologically Plausible
The "biological plausiblility" of a fluoride-osteosarcoma link is widely acknowledged in the scientific literature. The biological plausibility centers around three facts: 1) Bone is the principal site of fluoride accumulation, particularly during the growth spurts of childhood; 2) Fluoride is a mutagen when present at sufficient concentrations, and 3) Fluoride can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells).
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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